Oral Histology Flashcards by marni blumenthal

Alveolar mucosa, epithelium of vestibules, epithelium of the gingival sulcus, and gingival junctional epithelium have what type of epithelium?

Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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Which type of epithelium lies at the base of the gingival sulcus?

Junctional epithelium

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What is the actual attachment of the soft tissue (gingiva) of the mouth to the tooth, located at the base of the crown of the tooth called?

Epithelial attachment

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Attachment of the hard tissue (bone) to the tooth’s root structure is called?

Periodontal ligament

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What is the innermost zone of the peripheral pulp?

Cell rich zone

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Which peripheral layer is being described: dense rich nuclei, rich with undifferentiated cells that can replace odontoblasts

The innermost cell rich zone

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What is the middle layer in the peripheral pulp?

Cell free zone of Weil

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Which peripheral pulp layer is being described: few nuclei, rich in vasculature and nerve fibers

Cell free zone of Weil

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What is the outermost layer of peripheral pulp?

Odontoblasts layer

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What lies under the predentin layer in peripheral pulp?

Odontoblasts layer

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Which peripheral pulp layer is being described: contains odontoblasts and cell processes responsible for dentin secretion

Odontoblasts layer (the outermost layer)

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Is cementum vascular or avascular?

Avascular

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Is enamel vascular or avascular?

Avascular

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From bone to canal what are the layers of cells in a tooth?

Alveolar bone -> sharpeys fibers -> periodontal ligament -> sharpeys fibers -> cementum -> dentin -> root canal

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Where is cellular cementum located? What cells does it contain?

In the apical 1/3 of the root

Contains cementocytes

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Where is additional cementum deposited in order to compensate for occlusal wear over time?

Apical 1/3 of the root

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How to cementoblasts becomes cementocytes? Where do cellular cementocytes reside?

cementoblasts excrete cementum matrix and gradually enclose themselves off as they mature into cementocytes
they reside within lacuna or cavity

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Where is acellular cementum located? When is it formed?

Located in the cervical region

Formed during tooth development

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Primary, secondary, or tertiary: Dentin formed after root formation and throughout life?

Secondary

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Primary, secondary, or tertiary: dentin is laid down during tooth formation and ends when root development is complete

Primary dentin

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Primary, secondary, or tertiary: dentin is laid in response to trauma or injury (primarily caries) and tends to be highly irregular

Tertiary dentin

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Most of the oral cavity is what type of epithelium?

Stratified squamous

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GI tract is mostly what type of epithelium?

Simple columnar (ciliated)

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What lines the upper respiratory tract?

Ciliated columnar

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The respiratory tract is mostly what type of epithelium? What is another name? (Not upper respiratory tract)

Simple columnar (non-ciliated) also called pseudostratified columnar

How does laying down secondary dentin (which is formed after root formation is complete and the tooth is erupted and functional) affect the pulp cavity with age?

It reduces the size of the pulp cavity

Which type of collagen is being described: - most common collagen - found in tendons, skin, dentin, pulp chamber, and parts of bones - provides resistance to tension

Type 1 collagen

What secretes type 1 collagen?

Fibroblasts and specialized connective tissue cells (osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and odontoblasts)

Which type of collagen is being described: - hyaline cartilage - found on joint surfaces, larynx, trachea, eyes, and bronchi

Type 2

Which cells secrete type 2 collagen?

ONLY chondroblasts

Which collagen is being described: - reticular collagen - acts as the supporting mesh in soft tissues like the liver, bone marrow, smooth muscles, arteries, and lymph organs - found in areas that may need to expand or contract in size

Type 3 collagen

Which cells secrete type 3 collagen?

Fibroblasts and reticular cells

Which collagen is being described: | - primarily compromises the structural network of the basal lamina of the skin

Type 4

Which collagen type is found in dentin only?

Type 3

Which collagen type is found in dentin and pulp?

Type 1

Attached gingiva is made up of what type of epithelium?

Keratinized and parakeratinized stratified squamous

What is present in attached gingiva that creates a stipples appearance on the surface of the mucosa?

Long rete projections/pegs that go into underlying connective tissue

How does parakeratinized epithelium differ from keratinized epithelium?

It’s surface layer cells still possess nuclei and are not completely enucleated

Which cells are responsible for dentinogenesis (formation of dentin)?

Odontoblasts — which are cells that differentiate from the peripheral portion of the pulp

Which oxygenated vessel is the largest to enter the pulp?

Arterioles

Which deoxygenated vessel is the largest to enter the pulp?

Venules

What are the structural proteins of enamel?

AMELOGENIN (90% of enamel), ameloblastin and enamelin

Which layer of the oral mucosa is being described: - outermost layer - may be orthokeratinized or parakeratinized - not present in non-keratinized epithelium

Stratum corneum

Which layer of the oral mucosa is being described: - thin layer of flattened cells - contains keratohyaline granules - not present in non-keratinized epithelium

Stratum granulosum

Which layer of the oral mucosa is being described: | - replace granulosum in NONKERATINIZED epithelium

Stratum intermedium

Which layer of the oral mucosa is being described: | - replace corneum in NONKERATINIZED epithelium

Stratum superficiale

Which layer of the oral mucosa is being described: - thickest portion among all layers having polyhedral cells and some prominent desmosomal attachments - contain langerhan cells

Stratum spinosum

Which layer of the oral mucosa is being described: - single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells with deeply basophilic nuclei - mitotically active cells - cells which mature and exfoliate - melanocytes and merkel cells

Stratum basale

Which tonsils are being described: - Small masses of lymphoid tissue between the pillars of the fauces on either side of the oropharynx - lined with stratified squamous epithelium and serve as the first line of defense against bacteria that enters in the oral cavity

Palatine tonsils

Which tonsils are being described: - adenoids, masses of lymphoid tissue on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx - lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

Pharyngeal tonsils

Does enamel contain collagen? Is it vascular or avascular?

Does NOT contain collagen | - it is avascular

Which type of dentin is being described: - layer of primary dentin closest to enamel, lacks phosphoryn and is less mineralized - always from primary dentin

Mantle dentin

Which type of dentin is being described: | - located between the dentinal tubules of the tooth and forms the bulk of the dentinal matrix

Intertubular dentin

Which dentin is being described: | - forms the walls of the dentinal tubules and is more highly mineralized than intertubular dentin

Peritubular dentin

Which dentin is being described: | - hypomineralized dentin formed where specks of mineral picked up by collagen fibers have calcified, but failed to fuse

Interglobular dentin

Dental pulp is classified as what type of tissue?

Loose connective aka areolar | - has irregular arranged collagen fibrils, elastic fibers, and abundant cells and ground substance

What is the common inorganic mineral component of enamel, dentin, bone, and cementum?

Hydroxyapatite

What is the percent composition of hydroxyapatite by weight in enamel? Dentin? Bone? Cementum?

``` Enamel = 96% Cementum = 70% Bone = 67% Cementum = 50% ```

Collagenous connective tissue bundle generally composed of type 1 collagen and type 3 collagen fibers

Periodontal ligament

Where are oxytalan fibers found?

PDL | - provide the microfibrillar property of elastic fibers

Periodontal ligament has some of its collagen bundles embedded in both the alveolar bone and the cementum. What are these fibers called?

Sharpeys

Which tissue is unique in that its a mineralized epithelial tissue?

Enamel | - mineralized means no collagen

Where is the sublingual gland in relation to the mylohyoid muscle?

Above it

As dental pulp ages, what shows a relative increase?

Amount of fibrous connective tissue