Vitamins

Question 1

vitamins can be classified as?

Answer 1

fat or water soluble

Question 2

fat soluble vitamins include?

Answer 2

A, D, E, and K and lipoic acid

Question 3

fat soluble vitamins are stored and eliminated?

Answer 3

stored in the liver and fat tissues and eliminated from the body much more slowly

Question 4

water soluble vitamins include?

Answer 4

All B (except B12) and C

Question 5

water soluble vitamins are stored and eliminated how?

Answer 5

excreted continuously in urine and must be replaced regularly with diet, not stored

Question 6

what is the only vitamin is stored in liver in large amounts?

Answer 6

B12 aka cobalamin; up to 1000 days worth of vit B12 can be stored in liver

Question 7

B1

Answer 7

thiamine; HUB reaction (PDH), TCA, nonoxidized HMP shunt

Question 8

B2

Answer 8

riboflavin; FAD, HUB reaction, ETC

Question 9

B3

Answer 9

niacin; NAD+ and NADP+

Question 10

B5

Answer 10

pantothenic acid; CoA and ACP

Question 11

B6

Answer 11

pyridoxine; glycogenolysis (phosphorylase)

Question 12

B7

Answer 12

biotin; gluconeogenesis (pyruvate carboxylase) and malonyl synthesis ( acetyl CoA carboxylase)

Question 13

B12

Answer 13

cobalamin

Question 14

all carboxylases require what vitamin?

Answer 14

biotin aka B7

Question 15

both biotin and cobalamin are required for

Answer 15

additional steps of odd chain FA degradation

*propionyl coenzyme A is converted to succinyl CoA and requires both vitamins

Question 16

holoenzyme verses apoenzyme

Answer 16

holoenzyme is an active enzyme bound to its cofactor. And apoenzyme is an inactive enzyme without its cofactor

Question 17

cofactor verses prothetic group

Answer 17

cofactor binds loosely (vitamins or. Metal -no protein)

prosthetic group binds tightly

Question 18

B9

Answer 18

Folic Acid; THF

Question 19

C vit

Answer 19

Ascorbic acid; collagen formation

Question 20

Lipoid acid

Answer 20

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex