Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

NADH is catabolism or anabolism?

A

catabolism

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2
Q

NADPH is catabolism or anabolism?

A

anabolism

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3
Q

cory cycle

A

lactate in muscle to glucose in liver and back

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4
Q

glucose alanine cycle

A

alanine in muscle to glucose in liver and back

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5
Q

tissues and cells for HMP shunt/

A

TOAS= testes, ovary, adrenal gland, STEROID SYNTHESIS
LMFA= liver, mammary, FATTY ACID, adipose
*liver does cholesteral as well
RBC= glutathione
WBC= superoxide anion
dividing cells= require RIBOSE = product of HMP shunt

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6
Q

HMP need ribose > NADPH

A

nonoxidative

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7
Q

HMP need balanced ribose and NADPH

A

oxidative

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8
Q

HMP need NADPH > ribose

A

oxidative and salvage

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9
Q

HMP need NADPH and ATP

A

oxidative, nonoxidative and glycolysis

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10
Q

Main point of oxidative HMP?

A

to make NADPH***

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11
Q

deficiency in G6P dehydrogenase?

A

no NADPH and increase oxidation of gluathione in RBCs

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12
Q

malate aspartate shuttle verses glyceral 3P (or alpha glycerophosphate)?

A
Malate= heart and liver, 3 ATP, malate crosses membrane
G3P= muscle and 2 ATP (uses EFAD prothetic group and coenzyme Q)
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13
Q

what ETC complex doesn’t pump H+? yeild how much ATP?

A

complex 2 with succinate-Q reductase; 2 ATP

complex 1 yeilds 3

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14
Q

all ATP dependent carboxylases utilize?

A

B7 Biotin

*example is pyruvate to oxaloacetate as gluconeogenesis bypass rxn

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15
Q

full verses partial gluconeogenesis?

A
full= all the way to glucose (in liver or wherever you have glucose 6 phosphatase)
partial= NOT all the way to glucose, stuck in membrane somewhere
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16
Q

3 substrates for gluconeogenesis and their enzyme?

A

1) lactate > pyruvate via lactate dehydrogenase *NAD+
2) alanin > pyruvate via transamination *carrier NH3
3) glyceral to DHAP via glyceral phosphate *ATP
* *lysine and leucine converted to Acetyl CoA

17
Q

glycogenolysis steps

A

1) degradation = B6, glycogen phosphorylase cleaves until 4 glycogen residues
2) debranching= transferase moves 3 residues to adjacent branch and 4th is free (alpha 1,6 glycosidase)
3) conversion= bidirectional phosphoglucomutase converts G1P to G6P ***LIVER HAS G6phosphatase enzyme to convert to glucose, muscle doesn’t

18
Q

***glycogenolysis regulated via reversible phosphorylation. Explain

A

phosphorylated= glycogen phosphorylase a= active
UNphosphorylated= glycogen phosphorylase b = inactive
phosphorylase kinase regulates glycogen phosphrylase
**
OPPOSITE IN glycogenesis

19
Q

glycogen synthase and PKA important regulators for?

A

glycogenesis

*occurs only if glycogenin primer is 4+ glucose long to start synthesis

20
Q

**insulin stimulates?

A

protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) which DEPHOSPHORYLATES

  • inactivates glycogenolysis
  • activates glycogenesis
21
Q

gluconeogensis is stimulated by?

A

glucogon (inhibited by insulin)