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Clin Med II - Nutrition > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

These nutrients are essential for life because they help in many biochemical reactions

A

Non-Energy Producing Nutrients

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2
Q

3 Non-Energy Producing nutrients

A

Water, vitamins, and minerals

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3
Q

The most important nutrient

A

Water

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4
Q

Water requirements vary on 6 factors

A 
Environmental temp
Physical activity
Metabolism
Diet
Lactation
Illness
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5
Q

What’s the most important way an animal obtains water, other than through metabolic processes?

A

Ingestion

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6
Q

These diets have the highest percentage of water content. How much do they have, percentage-wise?

A

Canned food

70-83%

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7
Q

Semi-moist food consists of what percent water?

A

25-35%

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8
Q

Dry kibble consists of what percent water content?

A

3-11%

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9
Q

Animals that eat this type of diet tend to drink less water

A

Canned

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10
Q 
Essential for almost every chemical reaction
Assists with digestion
Source of hydration
Transports solutes and gases
Assists with temp regulation
Lubrication of joints and eyes
Electrolyte balance
A

Water

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11
Q

What is the largest and heaviest component of our bodies?

A

Water

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12
Q

The body is composed of how much water?

A

70%

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13
Q

Grave illness or death can occur if how much body water is lost?

A

10%

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14
Q

Physiologic water loss can occur due to 4 things

A

Diarrhea, vomiting, burns, and infections

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15
Q

How should we hydrate sick or injured animals if they can’t ingest water on their own?

A

Through IV or SQ fluids

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16
Q

Excessive water intake could indicate

A

Diabetes

Kidney (renal) failure

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17
Q

Organic compounds necessary for normal physiologic function that can’t be synthesized within the body

A

Vitamins

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18
Q

Over supplementing _____________ vitamins can lead to toxic syndromes

A

fat soluble

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19
Q

2 classes of vitamins

A

Fat soluble and water soluble

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20
Q

4 fat soluble vitamins

A

A D E K

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21
Q

Require bile salts and fat clusters for passage through the intestines and into the bloodstream
These are stored in the fat and liver
Required in smaller daily doses because the body is able to store them
Excessive intake can be toxic

A

Fat soluble

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22
Q

Vitamin A is AKA

A

Retinol

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23
Q

Require pre-formed vitamin A that they can get from ingesting animal tissue

A

KITTEH KATS

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24
Q

Can convert beta-carotene from plants to vitamin A

A

DAWGIES

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25
Q

Component of visual proteins (ie. eye health)
Used for cellular division
Spermatogenesis
Helps regulate the immune system and fight infection
Bone resorption

A

Vitamin A

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26
Q

Vitamin A is found in

A

fortified milk, liver, orange fruits and veggies, and dark, leafy greens

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27
Q

Deficiency of what vitamin can lead to eye disorders, fetal resorption, aspermatogenesis, and non-clinical signs

A

Vitamin A

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28
Q

Too much of this vitamin can result in cervical spondylosis in cats, erythema, long-bone fractures

A

Vitamin A

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29
Q

The sunshine vitamin

A

Vitamin D

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30
Q

Keeps calcium, phosphorous, and homeostasis balanced
Aids in bone mineralization
Helps with immune functions

A

Vitamin D

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31
Q

Need a UV light to obtain vitamin D to put calcium into their blood stream

A

Reptiles

32
Q

Humans need __________ of sunlight every day to obtain vitamin D

A

10-15 mins

33
Q

Vitamin D can be found in

A

fortified milk, fish, liver, egg yolks, and fortified cereals

34
Q

Deficient uptake of vitamin D can lead to

A

Rickets, Osteoporosis, and osteomalacia

35
Q

Bones become bowed and joints appear swollen due to failure of calcification

A

Rickets

36
Q

Increased bone porosity

A

osteoporosis

37
Q

Softening of bones from impaired mineralization

A

osteomalacia

38
Q

Hypercalcemia, calcinosis, lameness, and anorexia can be toxicity signs of too much

A

Vitamin D

39
Q

Tocopherol is AKA

A

Vitamin E

40
Q

Serves as a biologic anti-oxidant and helps maintain cell membrane integrity through free radical scavengry

A

Vitamin E

41
Q

Vitamin E can be found in what foods?

A

Whole grains, wheat germ, sardines, nuts and seeds, leafy greens, and egg yolks

42
Q

Cats that are fed homecooked diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids are at risk for developing a deficiency of

A

Vitamin E

43
Q

Pansteatitis can be seen in a deficiency of Vitamin E. What is pansteatitis?

A

Inflammation of adipose tissue

44
Q

What is pansteatitis AKA?

A

Yellow Fat Dz

45
Q

Sterility in males, dermatosis, immunodeficiency, anorexia, and myopathy can be seen in patients with what kind of vitamin deficiency?

A

Vitamin E

46
Q

A toxic amount of vitamin E can result in

A

Increased clotting times

47
Q

Allows blood clotting protein formation

A

Vitamin K

48
Q

What is found in rat poison that can be reversed with emergency supplementation of vitamin K? What does this chemical cause?

A

Warfarin

Internal, fatal hemorrhaging

49
Q

Vitamin K can be found in what foods?

A

Leafy, green veggies, dairy products, broccoli, and soy bean oil

50
Q

A deficiency in this vitamin can cause prolonged clotting times and hypothrombinemia

A

Vitamin K

51
Q

An over consumption of vitamin K can result in ___________ in dogs

A

anemia

52
Q

Absorbed via active transport by means of bonding to a substance carried into or out of a cell
Poorly stored in the body
Excess is lost in the urinary tract
A deficiency may occur during H2O loss, so supplementation is recommended (ie. times of illness)

A

Water soluble vitamins

53
Q

Vitamin C is AKA

A

ascorbic acid

54
Q

Serves as a biologic antioxidant
Helps maintain gums and muscles
Helps with the healing of wounds and resisting infections

A

Vitamin C

55
Q

What 3 species must consume Vitamin C to have an adequate supply?

A

Humans, primates, and guinea pigs

56
Q

Most animals can derive Vitamin C from

A

glucose

57
Q

Vitamin C can be found in these foods:

A

citrus fruits, strawberries, broccoli, kiwi, cantelope, tomatoes, cabbage, and sweet red peppers

58
Q

Scurvy can be a side effect of deficient……

A

vitamin C intake

59
Q

Changes in joints, tooth, and gum dz which causes bleeding from MM and possible wounds on the skin

A

Scurvy

60
Q

High levels of vitamin C can cause

A

diarrhea

61
Q 
Help make energy
Used in multiple metabolic reactions
Essential for biochemical reactions
Aids in cell metabolism and growth
Helps tone skin and muscle
Increases immune and nervous function
A

B complex vitamins

62
Q

B Complex vitamins can be found in

A

Whole grains, fish and seafood, poultry and meats, eggs, dairy, leafy green veggies, and beans and peas

63
Q

8 B complex vitamins

A

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12

64
Q

B1 is AKA

A

Thiamine (Vitamin F)

65
Q

B2 is AKA

A

Riboflavin (Vitamin G)

66
Q

B3 is AKA

A

Niacin (Nictotinamide)

67
Q

What species require B3?

A

Cats

68
Q

B5 is AKA

A

Pantothenic Acid

69
Q

B6 is AKA

A

Pyridoxine

70
Q

B7 is AKA

A

Biotin (Vitamin H)

71
Q

B9 is AKA

A

Folic acid (Folacin or Vitamin M)

72
Q

B12 is AKA

A

Cobalamins

73
Q

Retarded growth, diarrhea, emaciation, ataxia, anemia, and dermatitis could be signs of deficiency of

A

B Complex vitamins

74
Q

Excessive B complex vitamins cause urine

A

To appear bright yellow to orange in color

75
Q

Providing a pet with a “______________” will ensure consumption of vitamins in the proper amount needed with maintain good health

A

complete diet

Clin Med II - Nutrition (5 decks)

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