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Clin Med II - Nutrition > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Inorganic chemicals that are an important part of a balanced diet
Essential for metabolic processes to take place to produce energy and release when needed

A

Minerals

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2
Q

Total percent of minerals in the body

A

<1%

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3
Q

More than __ mineral elements are believed to be essential to mammals

A

18

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4
Q

Supplementation of minerals are

A

contraindicated

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5
Q

2 classifications of minerals

A

Macrominerals

Microminerals

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6
Q

5 Macrominerals that are essential in a diet

A 
Calcium (Ca)
Phosphorus (P)
Magnesium (Mg)
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Potassium (K)
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7
Q

Macrominerals are required in _______ amounts and the dietary requirements are expressed in ___________

A

large

percents (%)

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8
Q

These aid in maintaining electrolyte and H2O balance, skeletal integrity, muscle and nerve conduction, and cellular function

A

Macrominerals

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9
Q

The ratio of Ca and P should be maintained at a _______ for homeostasis

A

1:1 ratio

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10
Q

High ____________ means the body starts taking Ca from the bones, and thus makes them soft

A

P to Ca ratio

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11
Q

Component of bones and teeth
Aids in blood clotting
Muscle and nerve functions

A

Calcium

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12
Q

Deficiency of this mineral could be a result of inappropriate homemade food/diets are made for dogs and cats

A

Calcium

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13
Q

Skeletal deformities and lameness is a side effect of a deficiency in which macromineral

A

Calcium

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14
Q

Excessive amounts of Calcium could yield kidney/renal complications such as

A

Kidney stones

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15
Q

A component of bones and teeth
Involved with muscle formation
Important in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbs
Reproductive health

A

Phosphorus

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16
Q

Too much Phosphorus could leade to 3 side effects

A
  1. Urinary calculi
  2. Calcification of soft tissues
  3. Bone loss
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17
Q

Involved in over 300 reactions in the body
Important for EVERY organ in the body (particularly the heart, muscles, and kidneys)
Composition of bones and teeth
Enzyme activation
Contributes to energy production
Regulates nutrients (copper, zinc, potassium, and vitamin D)

A

Magnesium

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18
Q

A diet deficient in ______________ can result in muscular weakness, convulsions, decreased mineralization of bones, calcification of the aorta, and non-specific clinical signs

A

Magnesium

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19
Q

This macromineral is consumed in relatively constant amounts in diets

A

NaCl

20
Q

NaCl solutions are given for fluid and

A

electrolyte replenishment

21
Q

Maintains electrolyte and acid-base balances
Used to maintain osmotic pressure
Aids in the transmission of nerve impulses, nutrient uptake, waste excretion, and water metabolism

A

Sodium Chloride

22
Q

Toxic amounts of NaCl can cause excess

A

thirst

23
Q

Hypertension, heart dz, and renal dz can be a side effect of too much

A

NaCl

24
Q

Essential in muscle contractions, nerve impulses, acid-base balance, and osmotic balance

A

Potassium

25
Q

Decrease in potassium in the blood

A

Hypokalemia

26
Q

Microminerals are AKA

A

trace elements

27
Q

5 microminerals

A

Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Iodine (I)

28
Q

Micromineral requirements are expressed in

A

ppm (parts per million)

29
Q

Amounts of microminerals in a diet are

A

low

30
Q

Excess of trace elements can be

A

toxic

31
Q

Multiple biochemical functions
Component of several enzymes
Hemoglobin formation
Cardiac function
Connective tissue development/wound healing (helps make colagen and elastin)
Pigmentation of skin and hair (part of an enzyme that makes melanin)

A

Copper

32
Q

Aids in the removal of free radicals

A

Copper

33
Q

Hair depigmenation is a sign of deficiency in which mineral?

A

Copper

34
Q

Copper toxicosis primarily affects which dog breeds?

A

Bedlington Terriers, Westies, and Dobermans

35
Q

A toxicity of copper is incurable but can be managed with

A

decoppering agents

TWICE A DAY

36
Q

Big component of HgB formation

Also aids in immunity

A

Iron

37
Q

A toxicity of Iron can lead to decreased levels of this protein

A

Albumin

38
Q

This mineral is an activator of many enzymes, aids in skin and wound healing, immune response (T Cells in particular), and fetal development

A

Zinc

39
Q

The most common way to obtain a toxicity of zinc is by

A

ingesting a foreign object

40
Q

A foreign object commonly associated with Zinc toxicity

A

Pennies

41
Q

Aids in immune function by manufacturing selenoproteins and antioxidants

A

Selenium

42
Q

Best source of Selenium

A

plant foods

43
Q

An over consumption of Selenium can lead to

A

“garlicky breath”

44
Q

Essential for normal thyroid function that helps balance and synthesize thyroid hormones

A

Iodine

45
Q

A deficiency or toxicity of Iodine can lead to

A

Goiter

46
Q

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

goiter

Clin Med II - Nutrition (5 decks)

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