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Clin Med II - Nutrition > Pet Foods > Flashcards

Pet Foods Flashcards

1
Q

3 forms of pet foods

A
  1. Dry
  2. Moist
  3. Semi-moist
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2
Q

Dry food contains _________ water

A

3-11%

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3
Q

Convenient, easy to use
May provide dental hygiene benefits
Cheaper

A

Dry food

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4
Q

Semi-moist food contains ________ water

A

25-35%

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5
Q

Has artificial flavors that provide a sweet, savory flavor

Humectant preservatives and cellophane wrapped

A

Semi-moist

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6
Q

Na concentrations are higher, so not recommended for pets with cardiovascular dz or obese pets

A

Semi-moist

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7
Q

Moist food contains ___________ water

A

70-83%

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8
Q

Moist foods come in 3 forms

A
  1. Ration loaf
  2. an all meat appearance
  3. jelly like matrix
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9
Q

Pets typically prefer _______ food over ______ food

A

Moist, dry

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10
Q

Combining these two types of food is an acceptable practice to increase palatability and to control costs

A

Dry and moist

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11
Q

Most expensive food to buy

A

moist

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12
Q

The contract between the manufacturer of pet foods and the consumer

A

the food label

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13
Q

AAFCO stands for

A

The Association of American Feed Control Officers

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14
Q

An association established by animal feed control officials as a regulating body to develop standards for uniformity of definitions, policies, for manufacturing, labeling, distribution, and sale of animal feeds

A

AAFCO

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15
Q

Provide useful information that enables both the vet and the pet owner to make decisions about what to and how to feed their pets

A

Pet Food Labels

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16
Q

US law dictates that a Pet Food label should contain 9 things

A
  1. Product name
  2. Designation (dog or cat)
  3. Net wt.
  4. Name and address of the manufacturer
  5. Guaranteed analysis
  6. Ingredient panel
  7. Nutritional adequacy statement/purpose of product
  8. Feeding guidelines
  9. Date of manufacture/expiration
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17
Q

Provides minimum or maximum precentage of certain nutrients that the manufacturer claims the product meets

A

Guaranteed analysis

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18
Q

Crude protein is expressed as

A

minimum %

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19
Q

Crude fat is expressed as

A

minimum %

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20
Q

Crude fiber is expressed as

A

maximum %

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21
Q

Moisture is expressed as

A

maximum %

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22
Q

Term used to describe the analytical procedure used to estimate the nutrients

A

Crude

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23
Q

This should not be used to compare products because it does not reflect exact amounts of nutrients

A

Guaranteed analysis

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24
Q

Ingredients are listed by weight in _____________ order

A

descending

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25
Q

Ingredients with ________ _______ ____________ will appear higher on the ingredient panel even if they are of poor nutritional value

A

high water content

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26
Q

Manufacturers can _______ ingredients so that a more desirable ingredient will appear higher on the ingredient panel

A

alter

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27
Q

A __________ formula means every bag purchased has the same ingredients as the previous. These products are higher quality, more expensive, and contain more digestible ingredients.

A

Fixed

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28
Q

A ___________ formula may change batch to batch based on ingredient availability and market price.

A

variable

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29
Q

When a label identifies only one ingredient, at least ___ of the total product will consist of that named ingredient.

A

70%

30
Q

If any modifying words accompany the named ingredient, the amount that must be present declines to ___ for moist food, and ____ for dry food.
(Example: chicken dinner, fish entree)

A

10%, 25%

31
Q

If a named ingredient is modified by the word “with” the total portion of the named ingredient drops to __

A

3%

32
Q

If the term “flavor” is used

A

The named flavor is only detectable by the animal

33
Q

The maximum moisture content is

A

78%

34
Q

Refers to a diet that contains all essential nutrients in concentrations that are proportional to the energy density of the food

A

Complete and Balanced

35
Q

These 3 thinks do not need nutritional statements

A

Snacks, treats, and therapeutic diets

36
Q

3 energy producing nutrients

A

Carbs, fats, proteins

37
Q

When EPNs are burned they release energy in the form of heat, which is measured in ________ or ________

A

kilocalories or calories

38
Q

The amount of heat/energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg water 1 degree celsius

A

Kcal

39
Q

A unit by which energy is measured

So small that a single food item will have tens of thousands of them

A

Calories

40
Q

1000 cal =

A

1Kcal

41
Q

The number of calories needed to maintain an animal’s weight

A

Daily energy requirements

42
Q

Resting Energy requirements =

A

30(wt. in kgs) + 70

43
Q

Approximately ___ of companion animals are obese

A

54%

44
Q

One that weighs more than 20% of its ideal weight

A

Obese

45
Q

One that weighs more than 10% of its ideal weight

A

Overweight

46
Q

What animal has a higher risk of hepatic lipidosis and urinary dz

A

Cats

47
Q

When putting a pet on a diet, their calorie restriction should be what percent of the pet’s MER?

A

60-70%

48
Q

Dogs should be weighed

A

monthly

49
Q

Cats should be weighed

A

bimonthly

50
Q

If cats lose weight too quickly, what could this cause?

A

Hepatic lipidosis

aka fatty liver dz

51
Q

When a pet food label states that a food is lite, low calorie, weight control, reduced calorie, or reduced fat it is a

A

diet pet food

52
Q

Weight loss food is ____ in fiber, low in ____ and calories

A

high, fats

53
Q

Helps convert fat into energy in diet pet foods

A

L-carnitine

54
Q

Only products that meet the guidelines for ME/kg may use _____ on their label

A

light

55
Q

A renal diet should include

A
  1. Low protein and phosphorus
  2. High levels of O3 fatty acids, low Na
  3. Lowered salt levels
56
Q

2 most common calculi that occur in cats

A

Struvite and Ca Oxilate

57
Q

The amount and balance of _________ can have significant effects on the formation of urinary calculi in cats

A

minerals

58
Q

Rare, but can be a direct result of diet

A

Uroliths

59
Q

Certain feline diets are formulated to produce _______ ___________

A

acidic urine

60
Q

Not recommended for kittens because they are not formulated for growth and may interfere with bone formation

A

feline urolithiasis/FLUTD diets

61
Q

Tumor cells use _______ for energy, so lowering these in the diet are critical to reduce tumor formation

A

Carbs

62
Q

Cancer cachexia can be avoided by a high ___ diet

A

fat

63
Q

Food allergies usuall manifest as

A

GI or dermatological signs

64
Q

Adverse reaction that is immunological

A

allergy

65
Q

Adverse reaction that is nonimmunological

A

intolerance

66
Q

The most common food allergen

A

Beef

67
Q

The key to managing and preventing reoccurences of food allergies

A

Identifying the allergen

68
Q

The best way to identify the food allergen is by using

A

Elimination diet trials

69
Q

How long should a elimination diet trial last?

A

6-10 weeks

70
Q

Ideal diets contain a limited number of ______ ________ ___________ or a protein hydrolysate

A

Novel protein sources

71
Q

Breaks down the protein into tiny molecules so that they are so small that the immune system can’t detect them

A

Protein hydrolysate

Clin Med II - Nutrition (5 decks)

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