Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CA1 - Biochem > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Retinoids refer to all compounds chemically related to retinol.

A

Vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pseudotumor cerebri (headache, vomiting, blurred vision, stupor)

A

Acute toxicity of Vit. A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Increased risk for hip fractures, teratogenic in pregnancy

A

Chronic toxicity of Vit. A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • Regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis
  • Immunomodulation and antiproliferative
  • can prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • can prevent certain types of cancers (colon, breast, and prostate cancer)
A

Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vit D obtained from fungal organisms (mushrooms, ergots)

A

D2 ergocalciferol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vit D produced by the body with UVB radiation

A

D3 cholecalciferol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • hypercalcemia → Blood vessel contraction → hypertension
  • calcification of soft tissues
A

Toxicity of Vit. D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • Rickets: before close of epiphysis (in children)
  • Osteomalacia: after the closure of epiphysis (adults)
A

Deficiency of Vit. D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most powerful exogenous antioxidant

A

Vit. E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Reduces platelet aggregation
  • Interferes with the effects of Vit. K
A

Toxicity of VIt. E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Muscle weakness due to axonal degeneration
  • Demyelination
  • Hemolytic anemia
A

Deficiency of Vit. E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Other micronutrients with antioxidant effects include:

A

o Vitamin A
o Vitamin C
o Vitamin E (most potent)
o Zinc
o Selenium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Coagulation vitamin

A

Vit. K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors

A

2, 7, 9, 10, C, S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Forms of Vitamin K:

A

K1 = phylloquinone
K2 = menaquinone
K3 = menadione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vit. K from diet

A

K1 = phylloquinone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vit. K from GI flora

A

K2 = menaquinone

18
Q

synthetic form and the water-soluble form of Vitamin K

A

K3 = menadione

19
Q
  • Hemolysis → hyperbilirubinemia → kernicterus (CNS damage due to high amounts of bilirubin)
A

Toxicity of Vit. K

20
Q
  • Bleeding
  • Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)
A

Deficiency of Vit. K

21
Q
  • Also known as antiscorbutic (scurvy) factor
    o antioxidant
    o improves iron absorption
    o required for several metabolic pathways (e.g. collagen synthesis, catecholamines, bile synthesis, folate activation, adrenal hormones, etc.)
A

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

22
Q
  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis
  • Increased risk for iron toxicity
A

TOXICITY of Vit. C

23
Q
  • Scurvy:
    o corkscrew hair
    o swollen gums
    o bleeding
    o poor wound healing
  • Weakened immune response
A

Deficiency of Vit. C

24
Q

B1

A

thiamine

25
Q

B2

A

riboflavin

26
Q

B3

A

niacin

27
Q

B5

A

pantothenic acid

28
Q

B6

A

pyridoxine

29
Q

B7

A

biotin

30
Q

B9

A

folic acid, folate

31
Q

B12

A

cobalamin

32
Q

Vit. B with no toxicities

A

1,2,5,7,9,12

33
Q
  • Beriberi
  • Wernicke syndrome (reversible) = confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia
  • Korsakoff syndrome (irreversible) = dementia, confabulations
A

Deficiency of B1

34
Q
  • Cheilosis, corneal vascularization (2C)
  • Magenta tongue
  • Seborrheic dermatitis
A

Deficiency of B2

35
Q
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Podagra
  • Facial flushing
A

Toxicity of B3

36
Q
  • Pellagra (3D) = dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
A

Deficiency of B3

37
Q
  • Gopalan’s burning feet syndrome (nutritional melalgia) “paa-ntothenic acid”
A

Deficiency of B5

38
Q
  • Neurological manifestations
  • Microcytic, hypochromic anemia
  • Sideroblastic anemia
  • Pellagra
A

Deficiency of B6

39
Q
  • Sensory neuropathy
A

toxicity of B6

40
Q
  • Long-term antibiotic use or excessive ingestion of raw egg whites can bind with ____ , thus lead to _________
  • Causes dermatitis, enteritis, and alopecia
A

Deficiency of B7

41
Q
  • Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
  • (-) neurologic symptoms
A

Deficiency of B9

42
Q
  • Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
  • (+) neurologic symptoms
A

Deficiency of B12

CA1 - Biochem (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions