Parts of the Cell Flashcards
Outer boundary of cells that control the entry and exit of substances; attaches to other cells or intercellular molecules; part of intercellular communication and identification; catalyzes chemical reactions.
Plasma Membrane
The entire content or area of the cell.
Cytoplasm
Function depends on the molecules:
* Energy storage (lipids, glycogen)
* Oxygen transport (hemoglobin)
* Skin color (melanin)
* Others
Cytoplasmic inclusions
- Microtubules – support the cytoplasm and form centrioles, spindle fibers, and flagella
- Actin filaments – provide structural support to cells, support microvilli, are responsible for cell movements
- Intermediate filaments – provide structural support to cells
4.) Cytoskeleton
The fluid component of the cytoplasm. It makes up the intracellular fluid.
Cytosol
The control center of the cell which stores genetic information and is responsible for coordinating the cell’s growth, metabolic functions, and reproduction.
Nucleus
Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm; allows movement of materials into and out of the nucleus
Nuclear membrane/envelope
DNA regulates protein (e.g. enzyme) synthesis and therefore the chemical reactions of the cell; DNA is the genetic, or hereditary, material.
Chromatin
is a complex structure composed of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in eukaryotic cells. Imagine trying to fit several kilometers of thread into a tiny box
Chromatin
Assembly site of the large and small ribosomal subunits.
Nucleolus
Site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
- Manufactures lipids and carbohydrates
- Detoxifies harmful chemicals
- Stores calcium
- An important area of lipid synthesis
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Protein synthesis and transport of proteins to Golgi Apparatus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Modifies proteins and lipids and packages them into vesicles for distribution (e.g. for internal use, secretion, or to become part of the plasma membrane)
Golgi apparatus
Carrier proteins to the cell surface for secretion
Secretory vesicle
Contains digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
- One site of lipid and amino acid degradation
- Breaks down hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisomes
Breaks down proteins in the cytoplasm
Proteasomes
Major site of ATP synthesis
Mitochondria
- Centers for microtubule formation
- Determines cell polarity during cell division
Centrioles
Assist in the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
Spindle fibers
Move materials over the surface of cells
Cilia
In humans, responsible for movement of sperm cells.
Flagellum
Increase the surface area of plasma membrane for absorption and secretion
Microvilli
