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Pharm Test 3 > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What does CAM stand for?

A

Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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2
Q

Why has CAM proven so popular?

A
  • reduced need for medications (*price and access to health care)
  • reduction in side effects
  • improved compliance
  • increased interest in alternative therapies
  • increased interest by medical community
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3
Q

What has caused an increased interest in CAM?

A
  • high cost of prescription drugs
  • publicity of drug removals from the market
  • increased availability of alternative supplements
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4
Q
  • plant products with useful purpose
  • used as food enhancers or medications
  • common ones: garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, cranberry
A

Herbal products or botanicals

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5
Q

What does DSHEA stand for?

A

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act

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6
Q

When was DSHEA passed?

A

1994

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7
Q

What does the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act state?

A
  • regulatory act for dietary supplements
  • exempts dietary supplements from FDA standards
  • states that dietary supplements cannot make claims that they treat or cure disease
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8
Q

What is the main regulatory act for supplements in the US?

A

DSHEA (Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994)

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9
Q

What act requires that serious adverse effects of supplements be reported?

A

the 2006 Consumer Protection Act

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10
Q

What act requires that supplements must be labeled as supplements, devoid of adulterants, label must say what is inside including the active and inactive ingredients?

A

2007 Good Manufacturing Processes Act

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11
Q

What is NOT regulated when it comes to dietary supplements?

A
  • adverse effects
  • standardization of dosages
  • safety
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12
Q

What are some of the safety issues surrounding CAM and dietary supplements?

A
  • natural is not always safer
  • some active chemicals are the same or similar to those in prescription drugs
  • active ingredients often very potent
  • some products contain several ingredients as opposed to prescription drugs
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13
Q
  • nutrient substances required for health of body processes (eg metabolism and cell function)
  • water soluble are stored briefly and then excreted
  • fat soluble are stored in the liver and fatty tissue
A

Vitamins

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14
Q

-toxic level in the body of vitamin(s)

A

Hypervitaminosis

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15
Q
  • intake levels of vitamins and minerals that meets most people’s needs
  • established by the National Academy of Science’s Food and Nutrition Board
  • well balanced diet provides adequate vitamins and minerals for most peoples needs (though our food is not as vitamin rich as it used to be)
A

Recommended daily allowance (RDA)

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16
Q

Which groups of people need larger amounts of certain vitamins and minerals?

A
  • infants
  • pregnant women
  • older adults
  • vegetarians
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17
Q

Which vitamins that we are studying are fat-soluble?

A

Vitamins A, D, E, & K

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18
Q

Where are fat soluble vitamins found?

A

fatty foods and oils

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19
Q

Where are fat soluble vitamins stored in out bodies?

A

Liver and fatty tissue

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20
Q

Which vitamins that we are studying are water-soluble?

A

Vitamin B1, B3, B9, B12, C, and Calcium

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21
Q

What is another name for Vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic Acid

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22
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B12?

A

Cyanocobalamin

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23
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B9?

A

Folic Acid

24
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B3?

A

Niacin

25
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B1?

A

Thiamin

26
Q

What is another name for Vitamin K?

A

AquaMEPHYTON

27
Q

What is another name for Vitamin E?

A

Aquasol or vita-Plus

28
Q

What is another name for Vitamin D?

A

Calcitrol or Rocalcitrol

29
Q

What Vitamins are Pregnancy category A?

A

Vitamins A, E, B1, B3, B9, B12

30
Q

What Vitamins are Pregnancy category C?

A

Vitamins D, K, C

31
Q

What Vitamins are Pregnancy category B/C?

A

Calcium

32
Q

What does Vitamin A do for the body?

A

-essential for immunity, vision, development of teeth and bones

33
Q

Vitamin:

-essential for immunity, vision, development of teeth and bones

A

Vitamin A

34
Q

What does Vitamin D do for the body?

A
  • helps the body absorb calcium

- needed by patients who are hypocalcemic or have hypoparathyroidism

35
Q

Vitamin:

  • helps the body absorb calcium
  • needed by patients who are hypocalcemic or have hypoparathyroidism
A

Vitamin D

36
Q

What does Vitamin E do for the body?

A
  • antioxidant
  • boosts immune system
  • healthy skin and eyes
37
Q

Vitamin:

  • antioxidant
  • boosts immune system
  • healthy skin and eyes
A

Vitamin E

38
Q

What does Vitamin K do for the body?

A
  • promotes liver synthesis of clotting factors

- helps produce RBCs

39
Q

Vitamin:

  • promotes liver synthesis of clotting factors
  • helps produce RBCs
A

Vitamin K

40
Q

What does Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) do for the body?

A
  • helps convert food to fuel (essential coenzyme in metabolization of carbs)
  • digestive problems
  • deficiency can cause Beriberi or Wernicke’s disease
41
Q

Vitamin:

  • essential coenzyme in metabolization of carbs
  • digestive problems
  • deficiency can cause Beriberi or Wernicke’s disease
A

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)

42
Q

What does Vitamin B3 (Niacin) do for the body?

A
  • helps convert food to fuel
  • acts as a coenzyme in oxidation-reduction reactions for cell metabolism
  • improves cholesterol
  • lowers cardiovascular risks
43
Q

Vitamins:

  • helps convert food to fuel
  • acts as a coenzyme in oxidation-reduction reactions for cell metabolism
  • improves cholesterol
  • lowers cardiovascular risks
A

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

44
Q

What does Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) do for the body?

A
  • helps convert food to fuel
  • used to treat anemias
  • helps prevent neural tube defects when taken prior to conception by women
  • stimulates production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets (with B12)
45
Q

Vitamin:

  • helps convert food to fuel
  • used to treat anemias
  • helps prevent neural tube defects when taken prior to conception by women
  • stimulates production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets (with B12)
A

Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)

46
Q

What does Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) do for the body?

A
  • helps convert food to fuel
  • used to treat deficiency due to anemia, Sprue, GI pathology, tapeworm, surgery
  • essential for cell production
  • synthesis of DNA and myelin sheath
  • stimulates production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets (with B9)
47
Q

Vitamin:

  • helps convert food to fuel
  • used to treat deficiency due to anemia, Sprue, GI pathology, tapeworm, surgery
  • essential for cell production
  • synthesis of DNA and myelin sheath
  • stimulates production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets (with B9)
A

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

48
Q

What does Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) do for the body?

A
  • essential for synthesis and maintenance of collagen
  • helps maintain immune system for improved wound healing
  • megadoses may reduce severity of common cold
49
Q

Vitamin:

  • essential for synthesis and maintenance of collagen
  • helps maintain immune system for improved wound healing
  • megadoses may reduce severity of common cold
A

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

50
Q

What does Calcium do for the body?

A
  • helps to strengthen teeth and bones
  • required for muscle and nerve function
  • help blood vessels move blood throughout the body
51
Q

Vitamin:

  • helps to strengthen teeth and bones
  • required for muscle and nerve function
  • help blood vessels move blood throughout the body
A

Calcium

52
Q

Which Vitamin supplement can cause Beriberi if there is a deficiency?

A

Vitamin B1

53
Q

A deficiency of Vitamin A causes what?

A

Night blindness

54
Q

Which Vitamin supplement can cause Pellagra if there is a deficiency?

A

Vitamin B3

55
Q

Which Vitamin supplements can cause megaloblastic anemia if there is a deficiency?

A

Vitamin B9 and VItamin B12 (B12 deficiency can also cause pernicious anemia)

56
Q

A deficiency of Vitamin C causes what?

A

Scurvy

57
Q

Which vitamins interact with anticoagulants?

A

Vitamin C
possibly Vitamin E
Vitamin K

Pharm Test 3 (4 decks)

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