Vitamins Flashcards
What does CAM stand for?
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Why has CAM proven so popular?
- reduced need for medications (*price and access to health care)
- reduction in side effects
- improved compliance
- increased interest in alternative therapies
- increased interest by medical community
What has caused an increased interest in CAM?
- high cost of prescription drugs
- publicity of drug removals from the market
- increased availability of alternative supplements
- plant products with useful purpose
- used as food enhancers or medications
- common ones: garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, cranberry
Herbal products or botanicals
What does DSHEA stand for?
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act
When was DSHEA passed?
1994
What does the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act state?
- regulatory act for dietary supplements
- exempts dietary supplements from FDA standards
- states that dietary supplements cannot make claims that they treat or cure disease
What is the main regulatory act for supplements in the US?
DSHEA (Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994)
What act requires that serious adverse effects of supplements be reported?
the 2006 Consumer Protection Act
What act requires that supplements must be labeled as supplements, devoid of adulterants, label must say what is inside including the active and inactive ingredients?
2007 Good Manufacturing Processes Act
What is NOT regulated when it comes to dietary supplements?
- adverse effects
- standardization of dosages
- safety
What are some of the safety issues surrounding CAM and dietary supplements?
- natural is not always safer
- some active chemicals are the same or similar to those in prescription drugs
- active ingredients often very potent
- some products contain several ingredients as opposed to prescription drugs
- nutrient substances required for health of body processes (eg metabolism and cell function)
- water soluble are stored briefly and then excreted
- fat soluble are stored in the liver and fatty tissue
Vitamins
-toxic level in the body of vitamin(s)
Hypervitaminosis
- intake levels of vitamins and minerals that meets most people’s needs
- established by the National Academy of Science’s Food and Nutrition Board
- well balanced diet provides adequate vitamins and minerals for most peoples needs (though our food is not as vitamin rich as it used to be)
Recommended daily allowance (RDA)
Which groups of people need larger amounts of certain vitamins and minerals?
- infants
- pregnant women
- older adults
- vegetarians
Which vitamins that we are studying are fat-soluble?
Vitamins A, D, E, & K
Where are fat soluble vitamins found?
fatty foods and oils
Where are fat soluble vitamins stored in out bodies?
Liver and fatty tissue
Which vitamins that we are studying are water-soluble?
Vitamin B1, B3, B9, B12, C, and Calcium
What is another name for Vitamin C?
Ascorbic Acid
What is another name for Vitamin B12?
Cyanocobalamin
What is another name for Vitamin B9?
Folic Acid
What is another name for Vitamin B3?
Niacin
What is another name for Vitamin B1?
Thiamin
What is another name for Vitamin K?
AquaMEPHYTON
What is another name for Vitamin E?
Aquasol or vita-Plus
What is another name for Vitamin D?
Calcitrol or Rocalcitrol
What Vitamins are Pregnancy category A?
Vitamins A, E, B1, B3, B9, B12
What Vitamins are Pregnancy category C?
Vitamins D, K, C
What Vitamins are Pregnancy category B/C?
Calcium
What does Vitamin A do for the body?
-essential for immunity, vision, development of teeth and bones
Vitamin:
-essential for immunity, vision, development of teeth and bones
Vitamin A
What does Vitamin D do for the body?
- helps the body absorb calcium
- needed by patients who are hypocalcemic or have hypoparathyroidism
Vitamin:
- helps the body absorb calcium
- needed by patients who are hypocalcemic or have hypoparathyroidism
Vitamin D
What does Vitamin E do for the body?
- antioxidant
- boosts immune system
- healthy skin and eyes
Vitamin:
- antioxidant
- boosts immune system
- healthy skin and eyes
Vitamin E
What does Vitamin K do for the body?
- promotes liver synthesis of clotting factors
- helps produce RBCs
Vitamin:
- promotes liver synthesis of clotting factors
- helps produce RBCs
Vitamin K
What does Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) do for the body?
- helps convert food to fuel (essential coenzyme in metabolization of carbs)
- digestive problems
- deficiency can cause Beriberi or Wernicke’s disease
Vitamin:
- essential coenzyme in metabolization of carbs
- digestive problems
- deficiency can cause Beriberi or Wernicke’s disease
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
What does Vitamin B3 (Niacin) do for the body?
- helps convert food to fuel
- acts as a coenzyme in oxidation-reduction reactions for cell metabolism
- improves cholesterol
- lowers cardiovascular risks
Vitamins:
- helps convert food to fuel
- acts as a coenzyme in oxidation-reduction reactions for cell metabolism
- improves cholesterol
- lowers cardiovascular risks
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
What does Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) do for the body?
- helps convert food to fuel
- used to treat anemias
- helps prevent neural tube defects when taken prior to conception by women
- stimulates production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets (with B12)
Vitamin:
- helps convert food to fuel
- used to treat anemias
- helps prevent neural tube defects when taken prior to conception by women
- stimulates production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets (with B12)
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
What does Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) do for the body?
- helps convert food to fuel
- used to treat deficiency due to anemia, Sprue, GI pathology, tapeworm, surgery
- essential for cell production
- synthesis of DNA and myelin sheath
- stimulates production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets (with B9)
Vitamin:
- helps convert food to fuel
- used to treat deficiency due to anemia, Sprue, GI pathology, tapeworm, surgery
- essential for cell production
- synthesis of DNA and myelin sheath
- stimulates production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets (with B9)
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
What does Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) do for the body?
- essential for synthesis and maintenance of collagen
- helps maintain immune system for improved wound healing
- megadoses may reduce severity of common cold
Vitamin:
- essential for synthesis and maintenance of collagen
- helps maintain immune system for improved wound healing
- megadoses may reduce severity of common cold
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
What does Calcium do for the body?
- helps to strengthen teeth and bones
- required for muscle and nerve function
- help blood vessels move blood throughout the body
Vitamin:
- helps to strengthen teeth and bones
- required for muscle and nerve function
- help blood vessels move blood throughout the body
Calcium
Which Vitamin supplement can cause Beriberi if there is a deficiency?
Vitamin B1
A deficiency of Vitamin A causes what?
Night blindness
Which Vitamin supplement can cause Pellagra if there is a deficiency?
Vitamin B3
Which Vitamin supplements can cause megaloblastic anemia if there is a deficiency?
Vitamin B9 and VItamin B12 (B12 deficiency can also cause pernicious anemia)
A deficiency of Vitamin C causes what?
Scurvy
Which vitamins interact with anticoagulants?
Vitamin C
possibly Vitamin E
Vitamin K
