Vitamins Flashcards
Which vitamins are fat soluble
Vitamins A, D, E, and K
Which vitamins are water soluble
Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, and C
What is B1
Thiamine
What is B2
Riboflavin
What is B3
Niacin
What is B5
Pantothenic acid
What is B6
Pyridoxine
What is B7
Biotin
What is B9
folate
What is B12
Cobalamin
Functions of vitamin C
Keeps iron in reduced state to increase intestinal absorption + hydroxylation of proline and lysine
What does vitamin C deficiency cause
Scurvy - Bruising + hemorrhage, swollen gums, poor wound healing, anemia, iron and folate deficiency
What does vitamin A deficiency cause
Night blindness, acne, psoriasis
What does vitamin D deficiency cause
Rickets (bending bones in kids) and osteomalacia (soft bones) in adults
What is vitamin E deficiency caused by
Fat malabsorption (rare)
What does vitamin K deficiency cause
Impaired clotting, easy bruising/bleeding
When can vitamin deficiency K occur
Prolonged use of antibiotic + hepatic malfunction (liver failure)
Which vitamin is a precursor of FAD and FMN
B2
Which vitamins are commonly found in dehydrogenase enzyems
B2 and B3
Which vitamin makes of NAD+ and NADP+
B3
What does a vitamin B3 deficiency cause
Pellagra disease - Dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis
Which vitamin is a component of coenzyme A
Acyl carrier B5
Where is B5 found
fatty acid synthase, acyl transferase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
What does B6 deficiency cause
Neurological disturbances, depression, peripheral neuropathy (PNS damage)
What is a major source of B7
Intestinal bacteria
What are symptoms of B7 deficiency
Dermatitis, glossitis (tongue inflammation), appetite loss, and nausea
Which vitamin is essential for DNA and RNA synthesis
B9
Which vitamin can be used to treat anemia
Folate
What is caused by B9 deficiency
Megoblastic anemia
Which vitamin is involved in amino acid metabolism
B9
Which vitamin transfers methyl groups
B12
What are the main causes of decreased B12 absorption
Gastric bypass, less intrinsic factor produced, ileum resected (connection bw small and large intestine), crohn’s disease, coeliac disease, enteritis
What is enteritis
Bacterial overgrowth of terminal ileum competes for B12 absorption
What does B12 deficiency cause
Pernicious anemia
Precursor of Vitamin D
Cholecalciferol
Active form of Vitamin D
Calcitriol