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AHW - principles > vitamins > Flashcards

vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

chemical name for vitamin A

A

retinol

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2
Q

chemical name for vitamin D

A

calciferols

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3
Q

chemical name for vitamin E

A

tocopherols

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4
Q

chemical name for vitamin K

A

quinones

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5
Q

chemical name for vitamin C

A

ascorbic acid

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6
Q

chemical name for vitamin B1

A

thiamin

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7
Q

chemical name for vitamin B2

A

riboflavin

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8
Q

chemical name for vitamin B3

A

nicotinic acid

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9
Q

chemical name for vitamin B5

A

pantothenic acid

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10
Q

chemical name for vitamin B6

A

pyridoxine

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11
Q

chemical name for vitamin B7

A

biotin

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12
Q

chemical name for vitamin B9

A

folic acid

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13
Q

chemical name for vitamin B12

A

cyanocobalamin

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14
Q

which vitamins are fat soluble

A

A, D, E, K

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15
Q

which vitamins are water soluble

A

B complex and C

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16
Q

what is avitaminosis

A

total absence of a vitamin

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17
Q

what is hypovitaminosis

A

partial lack of a vitamin

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18
Q

what is hypervitaminosis

A

excessive amount of a vitamin

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19
Q

metabolic functions of retinol

A

formation and integrity of epithelia
retinal function - combines with opsin to form rhodopsin = needed for night vision
bone growth
immune function

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20
Q

what is the chemical name for pro vitamin A

A

beta carotene

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21
Q

what are the sources of retinol

A

liver - accumulates and stored in the liver of animals
egg yolk
milk fat

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22
Q

sources of beta carotene

A

plants - grass

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23
Q

what are retinol deficient foods

A

cereal grains
meat

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24
Q

problems of retinol deficiency in cattle

A

rough scaly skin
night blindness
infertility
abortion
retained placenta
still birth

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25
Q

problems with retinol deficiency in dogs

A

scaly skin
night blindness
abnormal skeletal growth

26
Q

problems with retinol deficiency in cats

A

foetal defects
infertility

27
Q

problems with retinol deficiency in poultry

A

symptoms appear quickly
pale comb and wattles, loss of condition, stunted growth, ruffled plumage
susceptible to infectious diseases
high mortality rate

28
Q

what does poultry require when they are deficient in retinol

A

require vitamin A supplement in feed

29
Q

effects of hypervitaminosis A in dogs and cats

A

abnormal bone deposition
lameness
vertebral spondylosis
gingivitis
weight loss
poor coat

30
Q

effects of hypervitaminosis A in pigs

A

excessive intake in pregnant sows may cause cardiac abnormalities in piglets

31
Q

what is the biologically active form for vitamin D

A

1,25-dehydroxycholecalciferol

32
Q

sources of vitamin D

A

sunlight on skin
oily fish
egg yolk
hay
colostrum

33
Q

metabolic functions of Vitamin D

A

promotes Calcium absorption from digesta in the lumen
stimulates phosphorus uptake from gut and reabsorption of both ca and p from bone and kidney
= regulates amount of calcium and phosphorus in the body

34
Q

problems with deficiencies of vitamin D

A

rickets (young animals)= weak bones
osteomalacia in adults = weak bones
poor egg shell quality and weak bones in poultry

35
Q

sources of vitamin E

A

green fodder
cereals

36
Q

metabolic functions of vitamin E

A

biological antioxidant
acts with selenium containing glutathione peroxidase to protect cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals
important for normal reproductive function, muscular function and capillary integrity

37
Q

problems with vitamin E deficiency and examples

A

nutritional myopathy - white muscle disease (calves) and stiff lamb disease
cardiac disease - mulberry heart disease (pigs, calves)
brain damage (crazy chick disease)
lameness and muscle stiffness - tying up (horses)

38
Q

sources of vitamin K

A

green leafy materials
egg yolk, liver and fish
gut bacteria synthesises it

39
Q

how is vitamin K destroyed

A

heat and exposure to sunlight

40
Q

metabolic functions of vitamin K

A

essential for the normal clotting of blood and bone and kidney function

41
Q

signs of vitamin K deficiency in chicks

A

anaemia and delayed clotting of blood

42
Q

what can ruminant bacteria synthesise in sufficient quantity

A

B complex vitamins

43
Q

metabolic function of vitamin B complex

A

pathways of cellular respiration and energy transfer = co-enzymes

44
Q

sources of vitamin B complex

A

liver
yeast
green foods
cereals
milk

45
Q

metabolic functions of Vitamin B1

A

initiation and propagation of nerve impulses

46
Q

signs of vitamin B1 deficiency

A

progressive dysfunction of of the nervous system
paralysis
blindness
muscular dysfunction
loss of appetite
emaciation (thin or weak)

47
Q

what is the effect of rumen microflora on thiamine (B1)

A

destroys it and causes a deficiency leading to cerebro-cortical nercrosis =
blindness, recumbency, limb extension, death

48
Q

what is a poor source of vitamin B2

A

cereals

49
Q

metabolic function of vitamin B2

A

vital for oxidative phosphorylation and hydrogen transport

50
Q

signs of vitamin B2 deficiency in pigs

A

poor appetite and growth
skin eruptions
vomiting
eye abnormalities
infertility and abortion

51
Q

signs of vitamin B2 deficiency in chicks

A

curled toe paralysis

52
Q

signs of vitamin B2 deficiency in ruminants

A

inappetance, diarrhoea and mouth lesions

53
Q

signs of vitamin B6 deficiency in chicks

A

neural degeneration and jerky gait

54
Q

sources of vitamin b12

A

foods of animal origin eg liver, meat, milk

55
Q

metabolic function of vitamin B12

A

important coenzyme in cellular respiratory pathways

56
Q

signs of vitamin B12 deficiency in young animals

A

poor growth

57
Q

sources of ascorbic acid (vit C)

A

citrus fruits
green, leafy vegetables
synthetic

58
Q

how is ascorbic acid destroyed

A

exposure to light and alkali

59
Q

metabolic functions of ascorbic acid

A

normal collagen formation
metabolic oxidation and reduction pathways
iron transport
antioxidant

60
Q

what diet is vitamin c essential in

A

primates, guinea pigs and fruit bats

61
Q

where do other species synthesise vitamin c from

A

glucose

62
Q

signs of deficiency of vitamin C

A

muscle and joint pain
lethargy
appearance of red dots on skin
weight loss
diarrhoea
rough hair coat
reduced immune function

AHW - principles (13 decks)

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