feeding animals Flashcards
define feed stuffs
any material included in a diet or ration because of its nutritional properties
why do animals need food
raw materials for building and maintaining cellular and metabolic machinery
growth, reproduction and lactation
source of energy to maintain cellular metabolism, muscle contraction etc
define nutrient
any chemical element or compound in the diet that supports normal reproduction, growth, lactation or the maintenance of life processes
what are the 6 classes of nutrient
water
protein
carbs
lipids
vitamins
inorganic elements
what is an essential nutrient
nutrients which must be present in the diet un sufficient amounts to supply metabolic needs
define diet
combination of feeds provided
define ration
amount of food provided daily
what is a monogastric digestive system
single chambered stomach
which animals have a monogastric digestive system
pigs, dogs, cats and humans
pathway of food in a monogastric system
oesophagus - stomach - small intestine - large intestine - rectum
what happens in the stomach in monogastric digestive systems
conducts physical and chemical digestive - pepsin and hydrochlorides involved
what happens in the small intestine of monogastric digestive systems
enzymatic digestion and absorption
name the 3 segments of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
what happens in the duodenum
digestion
what happens in the jejunum
some digestion and some absorption
what happens in the ileum
absorption
what happens in the large intestine of monogastric digestive systems
bacterial activity
water absorption
waste storage
what is the process of rumination aka chewing the cud
bolus regurgitated to mouth
fluid component immediately re-swallowed
fibrous component is masticated 40-70 times
re-swallowed
what is rumination
the use of microbial fermentation to help ruminants to digest fibrous foods prior to normal digestion
purpose of rumination
mechanical breakdown
increase surface area
increase saliva
what is microbial fermentation
breakdown of material (plants) by microbes
the difference between hind gut fermentation and ruminant fermentation
fermentation chamber in hind gut occurs after true stomach where as ruminants is before the true stomach
advantages to rumen fermentation
re-grind fibre so better digestion/utilization
better absorption of VFA
utilize microbial protein
disadvantage to rumen fermentation
all food molecules are consumed by the bugs first
