Vitamins

Question 1

Water Soluble Vitamins

Answer 1

Bs and C

Question 2

Fat Soluble Vitamins

Answer 2

ADEK

Question 3

Vitamin B1 (VMGR)

Answer 3

Thiamin phosphorylated to thiamin pyrophosphate that carries aldehydes on thiazolium ring

Question 4

FAD (VMGR)

Answer 4

Riboflavin (B2) w/ ribitol-ADP added, transfers 2e- and 2H+ on isoalloxazine ring

Question 5

FMN (VMGR)

Answer 5

Riboflavin (B2) w/ phospho-ribitol added, carries 2e- and 2H+ on isoalloxazine ring

Question 6

NAD+ (VMsGR)

Answer 6

Niacin (B3) w/ carboxylate converted to amide and ADP-ribose added, carries 2e- and 1H+ on nictonamide ring

Question 7

NADP+ (VMGR)

Answer 7

NAD (from Niacin B3) w/ 2’ hydroxyl of ribose of ADP phosphorylated, carries 2e- and 1H+

Question 8

Difference in NADH/NADPH functions

Answer 8

NADPH coenzyme mainly used for reductive biosynthesis

NADH mainly used for breaking down food to generate ATP

Question 9

Vitamin B5 (VMsGR)

Answer 9

Panthothenate modified w/ ADP and mercaptoish group to form COENZYME A and carries acyl groups on thiol

Question 10

Pyridoxal Phosphate (3)

Answer 10

Derived from B6 (Pyridoxine) and exchanges Lys w/ AAs, important for AA metabolism

Question 11

Folate (4)

Answer 11

Vitamin B9, modified to Dihydrofolate and Tetrahydrofolate (DHF and THF) to carry 1C units on pteridine N5 and/or N10

Question 12

Biotin (3)

Answer 12

Vitamin B7, has lysine attached as prosthetic group to carry CO2 for CO2 transfer

Question 13

Lipoic Acid

Answer 13

Has lysine prosthetic group to carry acetyls and 2e-

Question 14

Cobalamine (4)

Answer 14

Vitamin B12, Has corrin ring that keylates a cobalt and transfers methyl groups

Question 15

Vitamin C (3)

Answer 15

Can be reduced or oxidized, acts as 2e- donor for collagen biosynthesis

Question 16

Vitamin K (3)

Answer 16

Quinone w/ 2 forms based on side chain that acts as 2e- donor for blood coagulation

Question 17

Vitamin E (2)

Answer 17

Tocopherol that acts as free radical scavenger in vicinity of lipid membrane oxidation

Question 18

Vitamin A

Answer 18

Beta-carotene (tetraterpene) modified into retinal and retinoic acid

Question 19

Retinoic Acid Function

Answer 19

Binds nuclear hormone receptors to control gene expression of keratin in most epithelial tissues

Question 20

Vitamin D (2)

Answer 20

Can make from cholesterol, better to UV stuff into cholecalciferol and calitriol (active)

Question 21

Nucleic Acid Digested Products (2)

Answer 21

do NOT use for energy, do use as a source of phosphate

Question 22

Coronary Heart Disease (3)

Answer 22

Trans and saturated fats increase risk, omega-6 FAs reduce

Question 23

LDL vs. HDL

Answer 23

LDL is awful, HDL is great for you