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Biochemistry > 1. Structure > Flashcards

1. Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Squalene (2)

A

Triterpene (30 Cs) that acts as precursor to cholesterol

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2
Q

Susquiterpenes Carbon Number

A

15

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3
Q

3 MCFAs

A

Caproic
Caprylic
Capric

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4
Q

4 LCFAs (+ C#)

A

Myristic - 14
Palmitic - 16
Stearic - 18
Arachidic - 20

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5
Q

4 Unsaturated Cis FAs (+ description #s)

A

Palmitoleic - 16:1 (9)
Oleic - 18:1 (9)
Linoleic - 18:2 (9,12)
Linolenic - 18:3 (9,12,15)

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6
Q

2.2 Essential FAs

A

Linoleic (omega-6) and linolenic (omega-3)

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7
Q

2 Fish Oils

A

EPA and DHA

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8
Q

Plasmalogens (2)

A

Glycerophospholipids with C1 ether linkage and an unsaturated tail, named phosphatidal instead of phosphatidyl

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9
Q

Platelet-Activating Factor

A

Glycerophospholipid with C1 ether linkage to saturated tail, C2 acetyl linkage, and ethanolamine head

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10
Q

Sphingomyelin Structure

A

Ceramide + Phosphocholine

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11
Q

Cerebroside (2)

A

Neutral glycosphingolipid consisting of Ceramide + Sugar

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12
Q

2 Acidic Glycosphingolipids

A

Sulfatides and gangliosides

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13
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose, glucose alpha-1,4’ linkage

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14
Q

Lactose

A

Galactose, glucose Beta-1,4’ linkage

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15
Q

Sucrose

A

Glucose, fructose Alpha-1,Beta-2’ linkage

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16
Q

2 Reducing Sugars

A

Maltose and lactose

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17
Q

1 Non-Reducing Sugar

A

Sucrose

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18
Q

Ribose Unique Ring Formation

A

Pyranose form most stable in solution but furanose form most preferred in nature

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19
Q

Glucan

A

Polysaccharide of D-glucose monomers

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20
Q

Starch

A

Mixture of amylose (20-30%) and amylopectin (70-80%) alpha-glucans

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21
Q

Amylose

A

Alpha-1,4’ glucan

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22
Q

Amylopectin (2)

A

Alpha-1,4’ glucose chain with Alpha-1,6’ glucose branching

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23
Q

Cellulose (2)

A

Dietary fiber, Beta-1,4’ glucan

24
Q

Ribonucleoside

A

Base + D-ribose

25
Ribonucleotide
Base + D-ribose + Phosphate
26
3 DNA Components
1. 2'-deoxy-D-ribose-phosphate backbone 2. 3'-5' phosphodiester linkage 3. 1'-Beta-glycolidic linkage to bases
27
Chargaff's Rule
Amount of A equals amount of T and amount of G equals amount of C in DNA samples
28
5 Structural Properties of DNA
1. Antiparallel double strands 2. Right-handed helical twist 3. Phosphate sugar backbone outside w/ (anti)-bases inside, resulting in major and minor grooves 4. Complementary H-bonded AT and CG base pair planes perpindicular to helical axis 5. Sequential base pairs stack along helical axis, 10bp per helical turn
29
Topoisomers
DNA molecules w/ same number of base pairs that differ in coiling amount
30
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic DNA
Proks have circular plasmids whereas euks have linear chromatin
31
DNA Central Dogma
DNA transcribes RNA translates protein
32
3 Differences bw Prok and Euk mRNA
1. Proks have polycistronic, euks have monocistronic 2. Euks have 5' 7-methylguanosine triphosphate cap 3. Euks have 3' poly-A tail
33
2d and 3d Representations of tRNA
2d - cloverleaf | 3d - L shape
34
Prok Ribosome Sizes (3.3)
70S total 50S w/ 23S and 5S 30S w/ 16S
35
Euk Ribosome Sizes (3.4)
80S total 60S w/ 28S, 5.8S, and 5S 40S w/ 18S
36
2 Kinds of Polypeptide Rotation (+ point of each)
Phi: HN-Calpha rotation - heavily limited Psi: Calpha-CO rotation - for alpha helices and beta sheets
37
2 Stabilizing Factors of Alpha Helix
1. Main chain H-bonding bw C=O and HN | 2. Side chains projecting out
38
3 Destabilizing Factors of Alpha Helix
1. Branching Side Chains from CBeta (V,I,T) 2. H-bonding side chains compete w/ main chain (S,D,N) 3. Proline ring has no main chain NH so produces kink of not last in helix
39
Alpha Helix Structure
60 deg Psi angle gives "coiled" main chain
40
Beta Sheet Structure
150 deg Psi angle gives "extended" main chain
41
Parallel vs. Antiparallel Beta Sheets
Parallel: Each AA H-bonds w/ 2 different AAs of adjacent strand Antiparallel: Each AA H-bonds (twice) w/ 1 other AA of adjacent strand
42
Loops (2)
Connect repetitive secondary structure elements, often on protein surface to mediate interactions w/ other molecules
43
4 Alpha Domain Tertiary Structures
Helix bundles Globin fold Homeodomain Alpha solenoid
44
3 Beta Domain Tertiary Structures
Beta Barrels Beta Propellers Immunoglobin fold
45
Helix Bundles
3-4 alpha helices tightly packed in coiled coil fashion
46
Homeodomain
C-terminal helix roughly perpendicular to N-terminal helix-turn-helix pair
47
Globin Fold
Alpha helices (8) tightly packed
48
Alpha Solenoid
Alpha helices arranged in curved pattern that resembles jelly roll
49
Beta barrel
Large antiparallel beta sheet that twists to a closed structure
50
Beta propellers
Blade shaped beta sheets (4 antiparallel strands) arranged toroidally around a central axis
51
Immunoglobin Fold
Two layer sandwich of antiparallel Beta strands in two sheets w/ Greek key topology
52
2 Components of Salt Bridges
H-bonding and electrostatic attraction
53
Alpha/Beta Barrels (3)
Closed parallel 8 Beta sheet structure with interconnecting alpha helices packed on outside of the barrel One of the most common protein folds Active site residues always located w/in C-terminal loops
54
Alpha/Beta Twists
Open parallel 4-10 Beta sheet structure w/ interconnecting alpha helices packed on both sides of sheet
55
Rossman Fold
Six parallel Beta strands linked to four alpha helices

Biochemistry (23 decks)

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