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Biochemistry > Glycolysis > Flashcards

Glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

3 Stages of Catabolism

A

Stage I: Hydrolysis of complex molecules to component building blocks (carbs-monosaccs, prots-AAs, etc)
Stage II: Conversion of building blocks to acetyl-CoA (or other simple intermediates)
Stage III: Oxidation of acetyl CoA/oxidative phosphorylation

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2
Q

Regulation of Glycolysis

A

cAMP pathway from GPCR

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3
Q

Na+-Independent Glucose Import

A

Vesicles w/ GLUT merge with membrane, glucose binds, causes outside to close and inside to open so it passes through with concentration gradient

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4
Q

2 Phases of Glycolysis

A

Energy Investment Phase (1st 5 Steps)

Energy Generation Phase (2nd 5 steps)

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5
Q

1st Step of Glycolysis

A

Gluco/hexokinase immediately converts D-Glucose to Glucose-6-PO4
1st energy investment of ATP
1st irreversible/regulatory step

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6
Q

Difference b/w Hexo/Glucokinase (3)

A

Glucokinase in liver, hexo everywhere else
Gluco deals w/ onslaught of glucose so low affinity (high Km) but high Vmax
Hexokinase needs constant, steady work so high affinity (low Km) but low Vmax

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7
Q

Glucokinase Regulation (3)

A

Glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) sequesters it until glucose activates release, then fructose-6-phosphate activates sequestration again

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8
Q

2nd Step of Glycolysis

A

Phosphoglucose isomerase converts G6P to F6P (aldose to ketose)

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9
Q

3rd Step of Glycolysis

A

Phosphofructokinase-1 converts F6P to Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
2nd investment of ATP
2nd irresversible/regulatory step

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10
Q

2 Inhibitors and 2 Activators of PFK-1

A

I: ATP, citrate
A: AMP, F-2,6-bisPO4

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11
Q

4th Step of Glycolysis

A

Aldolase cleaves fructose 1,6-bisPO4 to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone PO4

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12
Q

Triose Phosphate Isomerase (5th Step)

A

Isomerizes aldose and ketose, converts b/w glyceraldehyde 3-PO4 and dihydroxyacetone PO4

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13
Q

PFK-1 Regulation (4)

A

High insulin/glucagon ratio causes decreased cAMP and reduced active PKA
Decreased PKA favors dephospho of PFK-2/FBP-2
Dephosphorylated PFK-2 is active and FBP-2 inactive, favoring formation of fructose 2,6-bisPO4
Elevated Fructose 2,6-bisPO4 causes activation of PFK-1, leading to increased glycolysis

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14
Q

6th Step of Glycolysis

A

Glyceraldehyde 3-PO4 Dehydrogenase converts glyceraldehyde 3-PO4 to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate using inorganic Pi (doesn’t count as energy investment)
First energy generation step, produces NADH + H+

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15
Q

7th Step of Glycolysis

A

Phosphoglycerate kinase converts 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate
2nd energy generation step, produces ATP

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16
Q

Mutase

A

Changes 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate then phosphatase converts to 3-phosphoglycerate

17
Q

8th Step of Glycolysis

A

Phosphoglycerate mutase converts 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate

18
Q

9th Step of Glycolysis

A

Enolase converts 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) w/ release of H2O

19
Q

10th Step of Glycolysis

A

Pyruvate kinase converts PEP to pyruvate
3rd energy releasing step, creates ATP (2nd one to do that)
3rd irreversible step, regulatory

20
Q

Regulation of Pyruvate Kinase (2)

A

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate activates, earlier in the chain so kinda warns pyruvate kinase that substrates are coming
Glucagon inhibits by activating adenylyl cyclase-cAMP to activate PKA, which phosphos pyruvate kinase to inactivate it

21
Q

Hemolytic Anemia

A

From mutant deficiency of 1. G6P dehydrogenase or 2. Pyruvate kinase
Huge problem for RBCs because no mt so they get all their ATP from glycolysis/anaerobic respiration

22
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

Lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate to lactate, consuming NADH + H+

23
Q

3 Irreversible/Regulatory Steps of Glycolysis

A

Gluco/hexokinase
Phosphofructokinase (main)
Pyruvate kinase

24
Q

Ethanol Synthesis

A

From TPP converting pyruvate to acetaldehyde and then EtOH in yeast

Biochemistry (23 decks)

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