Vitamins Flashcards
Vitamins
-organic substances the body needs for various cellular functions
-body CANNOT make them or cannot make enough of it
what are the exceptions the body can make?
Vitamin D, A, B3
Fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
Water soluble vitamins
B1, B2, B3, B6, folate, B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, C
Vitamin A (retinol)
night vision
cell growth & maintenance
health of skin & mucous membranes
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
carbohydrate metabolism
heart, nerve, and muscle function
B2 (riboflavin)
fat & proteins metabolism
B3 (niacin)
carbohydrate & fat metabolism
helps lower cholesterol
B6 (pyridoxine)
enzyme assistance in amino acid synthesis
B12 (cobalamins)
protein & fat metabolism
nerve-cell maintenance
cell development
Biotin
carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
C (ascorbic acid)
immunity
iron absorption
structures of bones, muscle, & blood vessels
D (calciferol)
calcium absorption
bone & tooth structure
support of heart and nerve function
E
protection of cells from destruction formation of blood cells
folate
maintenance of red blood cells
genetic material development
K
normal blood clotting
bone growth
pantothenic acid
release of energy from carbohydrates & fats
metabolic
referring to metabolism, the set of processes by which the body used nutrients it absorbs for energy & to form and maintain body’s structures and functions
Minerals
inorganic substances the body needs in small quantities for building and maintaining body structures
are cofactors for enzymes (meaning they assist those substances in performing their metabolic fxn)
Major minerals
should be consumed in amounts of 100mg or more to promote health & avoid deficiencies
these include: Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Phosphorus, Magnesium
Trace minerals
are needed in 20mg or less each day
these include: iron, iodine, zinc, copper, fluoride, selenium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum
Calcium
bone & tooth development
nerve & muscle function
normal blood clotting
Magnesium
carbohydrate & protein metabolism
muscle contraction & structure
Phosphorus
formation & maintenance of bones & teeth
energy production
Potassium
muscle contraction
fluid balance
nerve, muscle, & heart function
Sodium
fluid balance
glucose transport
acid-base balance
muscle & nerve function
