Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamin A

Answer 1

ReQnol, ReQnal, ReQnoic acid

ReQnoic acid funcTIons as a steroid hormone associaQng with RAR and RXR
nuclear receptors

Produced from carotenoids in plants
Carotenoids are anQoxidants reducing risk of cancer
- Stored in liver as reQnol palmitate
- 11-cis-reQnal reversible associates with opsins and funcQon as light sensor
- Deficiency: night blindness
- Source: dark green/yellow vegetables, liver, egg yolk, bu[er, whole milk

Question 2

Vitamin D

Answer 2

Functions as steroid hormones to maintain calcium homeostasis

Produced photogenically in the skin

Deficiency: rickets and osteromalacia

Source: milk, saltwater fish, liver, egg yolk

Question 3

Vitamin E

Answer 3

Occurs in diet as tocopherols and tocotrienols

Naturally occurring anQoxidant protecQng unsaturated fa[y acids

Accumulate in lipoproteins, cell membranes, and fat deposits

Reduces risk of CV by prevenQng oxidaQon of LDL
Source: vegetable oils

Question 4

Vitamin K

Question 5

Thiamin (B1)

Question 6

Riboflavin (B2)

Question 7

Niacin (B3)

Question 8

Pyridoxine (B6)

Question 9

Biotin (B7)

Question 10

Folic acid (B9)

Question 11

Cobalamin (12)

Question 12

Vitamin C