Peds Flashcards
Pediatric
birth to 18 years
Neonate
0-28 days of life
Pre term: <37 completed weeks of gestational age
Term: 37 weeks gestational age or greater
Infant
28 days/1 month up to 12 months
Child
1-11 years
Adolescent
12-18 years
Corrected age
=postnatal (actual age)-weeks born early
Postmenstrual age
Gestational age + chronological age
Pediatric vital signs
Heat rate: decreases with time
Blood pressure: increases with time
Respiratory rate: decreases with time
Temperature
Normal: 36.5-37.5 degrees celsius
>100.4 considered a fever
neonates have difficulty regulating temperature; more susceptible to environmental factors
When to refer for fever
EVERYONE < 3 months of age
Fever > 24 hours if less than 2 years of age
Fever > 72 hours if > or equal to 2 years
Fever > 104 any age
OTC options for fever and pain
Tylenol
-10-15 mg/kg/dose q4-6 hours
-MAX DOSE: 75 mg/kg/day or 4g/day whichever is lower
Standard concentration: 160 mg/5ml
Ibuprofen
-5-10 mg/kg/dose Q4-6H
GIVE ONLY TO CHILDREN > OR EQUAL TO 6 MONTHS
100 mg/5 ml
can cause nephrotoxicity
Absorption
thinner skin layers in neonates
oral administration of acid-labile compounds: greater bioavailability
oral administration of weak acids: require larger oral doses
Distribution
Increased total body water
Increased extracellular fluid
Decreased protein binding
Total body water decreases with age
Total body fat increases with age
Metabolism
Liver enzymes take time to mature; dosing requirements can change over time
don’t have the enzymes to break certain things down
caffeine half-life is much longer in neonates and infants than children and adults
Urine output
appropriate= > or equal to 1 ml/kg/hour
oliguria= < 0.5 ml/kg/hour
anuria=0 ml/kg/hour
eGFR=0.413 X (height in cm/SCr)
