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Biochemistry > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Pellagra preventing factor of goldberger is aka

A

Niacin

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2
Q

Active form of niacin in tissue a

A

Niacinamide

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3
Q

Chemical name of niacin

A

Pyridine-3- carboxylic acid

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4
Q

Three constituents of folic acid

A

Pteridine group ,
Para amino benzoic acid PABA
glutamic acid

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5
Q

Para amino benzoic acid and pteridine group together make

A

Pteroic acid

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6
Q

Folic acid aka

A

Pteroyl glutamic acid

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7
Q

Up to how many residues linked to pteroyl group

A

7 (generic name for folic acid related compnds- folacin )

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8
Q

Folic acid absorbed by

A

Upper part of jejunum

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9
Q

Folic acid transported in blood by

A

Beta globulins

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10
Q

Folic acid is taken up by what to produce coenzymes

A

Liver

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11
Q

Folic acid is not stored in tissues ( true or false )

A

True

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12
Q

Folate-transporter complex is internalised by

A

Non-clathrin mediated endocytosis

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13
Q

Tissue specific transporters of folic acid ( high affinity binding proteins ) anchored on

A

Plasma membrane

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14
Q

Folic acid reduced to 7,8-dihydrofolic acid and further to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro folic acid (THFA ). Catalysed by

A

NADPH dependent folate reductase

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15
Q

When is folate requirement increased

A

Pregnancy

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16
Q

Folate trap

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency, methyl THFA cannot be converted to THFA

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17
Q

Causes of folate deficiency

A

Pregnancy , defective absorption ,drugs ,haemolytic anemia , dietary deficiency, folate trap

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18
Q

Drugs that reduce folate absorption by inhibiting intestinal enzyme

A

Anticonvulsant drugs , hydantoin
Dilantin, phenytoin , phenobarbitone

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19
Q

Deficiency manifestations of folic acid

A

Reduced DNA synthesis , macrocyclic anemia
Hyperhromocysteinemia ,birth defects , cancer

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20
Q

Folate deficiency contributes to the ethology of what cancers

A

Bronchial carcinoma , cervical carcinoma

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21
Q

Folic acid deficiency pregnancy

A

Neural tube defects in the foetus

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22
Q

How folic acid deficiency cause problems in foetus

A

Prevents hyperhomocysteinemia , therefore neural tube defects like SPINA BIFIDA

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23
Q

Plasma homocysteine level above 15 micromol/L increase risk of

A

CAD

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24
Q

Folate deficiency effect on homocysteine

A

Increased homocysteine , since remethylation of homocysteine is affected

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25
Q

Blood picture in folate deficiency

A

Macrocytic

26
Q

Cobalamin deficiency blood picture

A

Megaloblastic

27
Q

Elaborate on macrocyctic anemia due to folate deficiency

A

Immature looking nucleus and mature eosinophilia cytoplasm in the bone marrow cells,
Reticulocytosis - abnormal RBCs destroyed by hemolysis
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia

28
Q

Explain reduced DNA synthesis in folate deficiency

A

THFA reduced and thymidylatr synthase enzyme inhibited
dUMP not converted to dTMP
dTTP not available for DNA synthesis
Cell division arrested
Very rapidly dividing cells in bone marrow and intestinal mucosa affected

29
Q

To prevent neurological manifestation of B12 deficiency, how is folic acid administered

A

Combination with B12

30
Q

Folic acid toxicity cause

A

B12 deficiency
Nerve damage
Crystallisation on kidney tubules , renal damage
(low solubility of folic acid )

31
Q

RDA of folic acid

A

200 micro g / day

32
Q

How is blood level for folic acid measured

A

Radioimmunoassay

33
Q

Other methods to assess folate deficiency in blood

A

Histidine load test or FIGLU excretion test
AICAR excretion
Peripheral blood picture
Blood testing

34
Q

Folate antagonists

A

Sulfonamide , pyrimethamine

35
Q

Extrinsic factor of castle another name of

A

Vitamin B12

36
Q

What rings and what metal is seen in b12 vitamin

A

4 pyrrole rings with cobalt atom = CORRIN RING

37
Q

6th valency of cobalt in B12 sarishpfied by

A

Cyanide , hydroxyl , adenosyl/methy

38
Q

Vitamin used as adjuvant in infections

A

Vitamin c

39
Q

Ascorbic acid used to treat

A

Tuberculosis 500mg per day

40
Q

RDA of vitamin c

A

75 mg /day
Pregnancy/age/lactation -100 mg

41
Q

Reduction in uptake of Vit C

A

Smokers
Oral contraceptives
Aspirin (uptake by WBC)

42
Q

Amla vit C source

A

700mg /100 g

43
Q

Guava vit c

A

300 mg/100g

44
Q

Deficiency manifestation of vit C

A

Scurvy (infantile )
Hemorrhagic tendency
Internal Hemorrhage
Oral cavity swelling
Wound healing delayed
Bones (failure to form osteoid)

45
Q

What deteriorates normal collagen cross- link formation

A

Mildly elevated plasma homocysteine levels induced by vitamin B insufficiency
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)

46
Q

Vit C deficiency anemias

A

Microcytic , hypochromic

47
Q

Reasons for vit c deficiency anemia

A

Hemorrhage loss of blood ,
Accumulation of met - hemoglobin
Decreased tetrahydrofolic acid
Decreased iron absorption

48
Q

Subcutaneous hemorrhage in vit c deficiency may be manifested as

A

Petechiae

49
Q

Barlows disease

A

Infantile scurvy

50
Q

Biochemical function of vit c

A

Hemoglobin metabolism
Iron metabolism
Tyrosine metabolism
Tyrptophan metabolism
Folic acid metabolism
Hydroxylation of proline lysine
Cataract prevention reversible oxide-red
Anti oxidant property
Phagocytosis
Steroid synthesis

51
Q

Benedict’s test for ascorbic acid in urine

A

Positive as it is a strongly reducing agent

52
Q

Man cannot oxidase vit c because

A

Block in gulono lactone oxidase step
Lock gene responsible for synthesis of the enzyme

53
Q

Structural formula of ascorbic acid closely resembles

A

Carbohydrates

54
Q

Antiscorbutic activities shown by

A

L-ascorbic acid , dehydroascorbic

55
Q

Vitamin not present on vegetable

A

Vitamin B12

56
Q

Sources of B12

A

Curd , liver

57
Q

B12 requirement RDA

A

1-2 micro g/day
Pregnancy, lactation - 2mg

58
Q

Macrocytic anemia treated with

A

Folic acid and b12

59
Q

Therapeutic dose of B12

A

100 to 1000 microgram by intramuscular injections

60
Q

Assessment of b12 deficiency

A

Serum b12
Schilling test
Methyl malonic acid -in urine
Figlu
Peripheral smear -bone marrow and blood
Homocystinuria

61
Q

Treatment of B 12 deficiency

A

Therapeutic dose of B12 is 100

62
Q

What

A

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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