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4. GI Flashcards > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most abundant ion in chyme?

A

Na+

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2
Q

Where is Fe absorbed?

A

At the duodenum

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3
Q

Where are vitamins B & C absorbed?

And how?

A

At the Jejunum

Diffusion or mediated transport

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4
Q

What is absorbed at the ileum?

A

Vitamins A,D,E,K and B-12

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of vitamins?

A

Fat soluble

Water soluble

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6
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

A

A,D,E,K

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7
Q

Which vitamins are water soluble?

A

B & C

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8
Q

What is vitamin B-12?

A

A very large and charged vitamin

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9
Q

How is B-12 absorbed?

A

B-12 binds to R protein, transcolbalamin - 1 in stomach

Cleaved at duodenum + binds to protein intrinsic factor (secreted by parietal cells of the stomach)

Then binds to specific sites on the epithelial cells in the lower portion of the ileum (terminal ileum) where it is absorbed via endocytosis

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10
Q

What is vit B-12 needed for?

And a deficiency in this can lead to?

A

Erythrocyte formation

Can lead to pernicious anaemia and is usually caused due to a deficiency in intrinsic factor

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11
Q 
Vitamin A
What is it referred to as?
Function?
Sources?
Deficiency?
Stored in?
A

‘rhodopsin’, ‘caretonoids’, ‘RETINOL’

VISION (retinal pigments), cellular growth and differentiation, reproduction, embryonic development

CARROTS, liver, dairy, oily fish, margarine

Night blindness

Absorbed as a lipid, stored in liver, ito cells in the space of Disse

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12
Q 
Vitamin D
What is it referred to as?
Function?
Sources?
Deficiency?
Stored in?
A

‘Calciferol’

Ca2+ & phosphate intestinal absorption

UV light from sun (activates cholecalciferol)

Bone issues (osteomalacia- weak bones) (rickets)

Stored in liver (inactive form), converted to active form in kidney

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13
Q

Vitamin D is considered more of a …… as….

A

Hormone

Already exists in the body-needs to be activated

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14
Q

Where is vitamin D2 & 3 derived from?

A

D2 - plants

D3 - UV from sun

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15
Q

Liver storage of vitamin D prevents deficiency for how long?

A

3-4 months

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16
Q

Vitamin E
Function?
Found in?
Stored in?

A

Anti oxidant (anti aging)

Nuts and seeds

Liver

17
Q

Vitamin K
Function?
Found in?
Deficiency?

A

Activates clotting factors 10,9,7,2 in liver
Plants, food, synthetic K3 & 4
Bleeding disorders

18
Q

Which drug is an anticoagulant and what does it do to vitamin K?

A

Warfarin

Inhibits vitamin K

19
Q 
Vitamin B-12
Function?
Found in?
Deficiency?
How is it absorbed?
A

Cell metabolism & energy production

Fish, poultry, meat,eggs

Results in less erythrocyte formation - pernicious anaemia

Absorbed as B-12 intrinsic factor complex

20
Q

Vitamin C
Function?
Sources?
Deficiency?

A

Immune system, Fe absorption, antioxidant
Synthesis of collagen, neurotransmitters & carnitine

Fresh fruit and veg

Scurvy

21
Q

What is Fe digested as…. and transferred into blood as…..

Fe is stored in the ……. As ……

A

Digested as normal form & transferred into blood as transferin
Stored in liver as ferritin

22
Q

Cu is stored in?

A

Liver

23
Q

Where is Ca2+ from?

What is it needed for?

A

From dairy

Needed for muscle contraction + synaptic transmission

24
Q

What is iodine part of?

What foods is it found in?

A

Thyroid hormone

Sea food

25
Q

Malabsorption of vitamins and minerals results in ….

A

Malnutrition

26
Q

What is malabsorption?

A

The inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestines

27
Q

What are 3 diseases that cause malnutrition?

A

Coeliac disease
Giardiasis
Cystic fibrosis

28
Q

What is coeliac disease? How does it cause malnutrition?

A

A disease in which the small intestine is hypersensitive to gluten, leading to gluten intolerance
Decreased SA of brush border

29
Q

What is giardiasis? How does it cause malnutrition?

A

Infection that causes the villi to atrophy (erode away) thus reducing absorption capacity

30
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

How does it cause malnutrition?

A

An autosomal recessive mutation

Impaired Cl- out therefore mucus build up on GI tract

31
Q

What is the equation for BMI?

A

BMI=weight(kg)/height(m^2)

32
Q

What does it mean if
BMI>30
>25
<18.5

A

Obese
Overweight
Underweight

33
Q

What is the range of a normal BMI?

A

18.5

34
Q

What is the definition of the BMR?

A

Basal metabolic rate

Minimum amount of energy required to keep the body alive

35
Q

What is the equation for BMR?

A

BMR = kcal/hr/m^2

36
Q

When does BMR decrease?

A

With age

4. GI Flashcards (13 decks)

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