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4. GI Flashcards > Embryology Of The Gut > Flashcards

Embryology Of The Gut Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does the foregut start from and to?

A

Starts from mouth to the major duodenal papilla (proximal half)

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2
Q

Where does the blood supply of the foregut come from?

A

Celiac artery

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3
Q

What nerves innervate the foregut?

A

T5 - T9

Greater splanchnic nerves

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4
Q

What mesenteries does the foregut have?

A

ventral and dorsal mesenteries

d=greater & v=lesser amenta

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5
Q

Where does the midgut start from & to?

A

From distal half of duodenum to proximal 2/3 transverse colon

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6
Q

What is the midgut supplied by?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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7
Q

What nerves innervate the midgut?

A

T10 & T11

Lesser splanchnic nerves

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8
Q

What mesenteries does the midgut have?

A

dorsal mesentery only

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9
Q

Where does the hindgut start from & to?

A

From 2/3 transverse colon to the anal canal

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10
Q

What is the blood supply to the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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11
Q

What is the hindgut innervated by?

A

T12

Least splanchnic nerve

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12
Q

What mesenteries does the hindgut have?

A

only dorsal mesentery

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13
Q

What are the components of the foregut?

A

Mouth, Pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, proximal half of duodenum & the derivative (liver, biliary apparatus & pancreas)

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14
Q

What are the components of the midgut?

A 
Distal half of the duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Caecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Right 2/3 transverse colon
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15
Q

What are the components of the hindgut 7

A 
Left 1/3 transverse colon
Decendjng colon 
Sigmoid colon
Rectum 
Anal canal
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16
Q

What are the layers of the embryo that form the GI tract?

A

mesoderm and endoderm

17
Q

What does the mesoderm form?

A

connective tissue and muscle

18
Q

what does the endoderm form?

A

epithelial lining and mucosa

19
Q

What does the embryo begin to do during the 4th week and what’s it called?

A

Fold & change shape

Embryonic folding- goes from flat trilaminar disc into a cylinder

20
Q

Folding occurs in…….

A

2 planes

21
Q

What are the 2 planes in embryonic folding?

A

Horizontal plane

Medial plane

22
Q

Why does folding occur in two planes?

A

Due to the differing rates of growth of the embryonic structures

23
Q

What does folding in the horizontal plane result in?

A

Two lateral body folds

24
Q

What does folding in the medial plane result in?

A

The cranial & caudal folds

25
Q

How do both planes fold?

A

Simultaneously

26
Q

What is the endoderm mainly responsible for?

A

The development of the GI tract

27
Q

What happens as embryonic folding continues?

A

The endoderm moves towards the midline & fuses (incorporating the dorsal Part of the yolk sac) to form the primitive gut tube

28
Q

What is the primitive gut tube derived from?

A

Endoderm and visceral mesoderm

29
Q

What does the endoderm give rise to?

A
  1. Epithelial lining of the digestive tract
  2. Hepatocytes of the liver
  3. Exocrine and endocrine cells of the pancreas
30
Q

What 3 distinct parts does the primitive gut tube differentiate into?

A

The foregut, midgut and hindgut

31
Q

What happens at the end of the 4th week of development and how does it form the mouth?

A

The oropharyngeal membrane at the cranial end of the primitive gut tube ruptures to form the mouth

32
Q

What happens during the 7th week of development and how does it form the anus?

A

The cloacal membrane at the caudal end of the primitive gut tube ruptures to form the anus

33
Q

How is the mid/hindgut tube developed?

A 
elongation (growing of tube)
herniation (sticking out of abdominal cavity)
rotation
retraction
fixation
34
Q

Development of the stomach
4th Week=
7th Week=
8th Week=

A

4th Week= fusiform dilation
7th Week= 90 degree clockwise longitudinal rotation, creates lesser sac
8th Week= ventrodorsal rotation

34
Q

Development of the stomach
4th Week=
7th Week=
8th Week=

A

4th Week= fusiform dilation
7th Week= 90 degree clockwise longitudinal rotation, creates lesser sac
8th Week= ventrodorsal rotation

35
Q

Ventral mesentary=

Dorsal mesentary=

A

lesser omentum

greater omentum

4. GI Flashcards (13 decks)

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