vitamins

Question 1

Can be self-synthesized with the help of sunlight.

Answer 1

Vitamin D

Question 2

Whether made with the help of sunlight or

obtained from food, it undergoes chemical transformations in the liver and kidneys to activate it

Answer 2

Vitamin D

Question 3

produced in the skin by the action of sunlight (UV light)

Answer 3

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)

Question 4

produced by plants through the action of light

Answer 4

Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol)

Question 5

Maintain normal blood levels of calcium ion and phosphate ion so the bones can absorbed these ions.

Answer 5

Principal function of Vitamin D

Question 6

How much time does dark-skinned people need of direct sun for several days to make enough vitamin D?

Answer 6

up to three hours

Question 7

How much time does light-skinned people need of direct sun for several days to make enough vitamin D?

Answer 7

10 or 15 minutes

Question 8

Participate in the release

of energy from the energy nutrients

Answer 8

Thiamin (B1), 
Riboflavin (B2), 
Niacin (B3), 
Pantothenic acid (B5), 
Biotin

Question 9

help cells multiply

Answer 9

Folate and vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

Question 10

helps the body use amino acids

to synthesize proteins

Answer 10

Vitamin B6

Question 11

• Plays a critical role in the energy 
metabolism of all cells. 
• Occupies a site on nerve cell 
membranes.
• Nerve processes and their 
responding muscles depend heavily 
on thiamin.

Answer 11

Thiamine

Question 12

First observed in East 
Asia, where rice 
provided 80 to 90 
percent of the total 
calories most people 
consumed.

Answer 12

Beriberi

Question 13

• plays a role in energy
  metabolism
• When thiamine is deficient, it is
  usually also deficient

Answer 13

Riboflavin

Question 14

• Participates in energy metabolism of every
  cell.
• Deficiency disease is pellagra, which
  appeared in Europe in the 1700s when
  corn from the New World became a staple food.
• In the early 1900s in the U.S., pellagra was affecting hundreds of thousands in the
  South and Midwest.

Answer 14

Niacin

Question 15

Pellegra symptoms

Answer 15

• Diarrhea
• Dermatitis
• Dementia
• Death

Question 16

What converts into niacin the body?

Answer 16

adequate tryptophan

Question 17

a measure that takes available tryptophan

into account

Answer 17

niacin equivalents (NE)

Question 18

helps synthesize DNA and so is

important for making new cells

Answer 18

Folate

Question 19

anemia, diminished immunity, and abnormal digestive function

Answer 19

Deficiency of folate

Question 20

Deficiencies of folate are related to increased risk of?

Answer 20

cervical cancer (in women infected with HPV)
breast cancer (in women who drink 
alcohol)
pancreatic cancer (in men 
who smoke)

Question 21

are closely related:

each depends on the other for activation

Answer 21

Vitamin B12 and folate

Question 22

Main roles: helps maintain nerves and is a part of coenzymes needed in new blood cell synthesis

Answer 22

Vitamin B12

Question 23

Symptoms of deficiency of either folate or vitamin B12 include?

Answer 23

presence of immature red blood cells

Question 24

___’s other functions then become
compromised, and the results can be
devastating: damaged nerves, creeping paralysis, and general muscle and nerve
malfunctioning.

Answer 24

Vitamin B12

Question 25

__ must be injected to bypass the | defective absorptive system

Answer 25

Vitamin B12

Question 26

This anemia of the vitamin B12 deficiency caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is known as?

Answer 26

pernicious anemia

Question 27

deficiency common among elderly

Answer 27

B12 deficiency

Question 28

participates in more than 100 reactions in body tissues.  Needed to convert one amino acid to another amino acid that is lacking  Aids in conversion of tryptophan to niacin  Plays important roles in the synthesis of hemoglobin and neurotransmitters  Assists in releasing glucose from glycogen  Has roles in immune function and steroid hormone activity  Critical to fetal nervous system development

Answer 28

Vitamin B6

Question 29

__ and __ __ are also important in energy metabolism. Both vitamins are readily available in foods.

Answer 29

Biotin and pantothenic acid

Question 30

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 30

A, D, E, K

Question 31

plant-derived precursor of vitamin A

Answer 31

Beta-carotene

Question 32

active form stored in the liver of vitamin A

Answer 32

Retinol

Question 33

Four major functions in the body: 1. Vision 2. Regulating Cell Differentiation 3. Maintenance of the Health of Epithelial Tissues 4. Reproduction and Growth

Answer 33

vitamin A

Question 34

Four forms of Vitamin E

Answer 34

1. Alpha-tocopherol 2. Beta-tocopherol 3. Delta-tocopherol 4. Gamma-tocopherol

Question 35

``` __ is an antioxidant. Oxidative damage occurs when highly unstable molecules known as free radicals, formed normally during cell metabolism, run amok and disrupt cellular structures. ```

Answer 35

Vitamin E

Question 36

It contain substantial vitamin E, but high temperatures destroy it

Answer 36

Raw vegetable oils

Question 37

``` Main function of __ is to help synthesize proteins that help blood clot. Also necessary for the synthesis of key bone proteins. ```

Answer 37

Vitamin K

Question 38

It can be made by intestinal bacteria.

Answer 38

Vitamin K