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Biochemistry > vitamins > Flashcards

vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Can be self-synthesized with the help of sunlight.

A

Vitamin D

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2
Q

Whether made with the help of sunlight or

obtained from food, it undergoes chemical transformations in the liver and kidneys to activate it

A

Vitamin D

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3
Q

produced in the skin by the action of sunlight (UV light)

A

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)

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4
Q

produced by plants through the action of light

A

Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol)

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5
Q

Maintain normal blood levels of calcium ion and phosphate ion so the bones can absorbed these ions.

A

Principal function of Vitamin D

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6
Q

How much time does dark-skinned people need of direct sun for several days to make enough vitamin D?

A

up to three hours

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7
Q

How much time does light-skinned people need of direct sun for several days to make enough vitamin D?

A

10 or 15 minutes

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8
Q

Participate in the release

of energy from the energy nutrients

A 
Thiamin (B1), 
Riboflavin (B2), 
Niacin (B3), 
Pantothenic acid (B5), 
Biotin
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9
Q

help cells multiply

A

Folate and vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

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10
Q

helps the body use amino acids

to synthesize proteins

A

Vitamin B6

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11
Q 
• Plays a critical role in the energy 
metabolism of all cells. 
• Occupies a site on nerve cell 
membranes.
• Nerve processes and their 
responding muscles depend heavily 
on thiamin.
A

Thiamine

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12
Q 
First observed in East 
Asia, where rice 
provided 80 to 90 
percent of the total 
calories most people 
consumed.
A

Beriberi

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13
Q
  • plays a role in energy
    metabolism
  • When thiamine is deficient, it is
    usually also deficient
A

Riboflavin

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14
Q
  • Participates in energy metabolism of every
    cell.
  • Deficiency disease is pellagra, which
    appeared in Europe in the 1700s when
    corn from the New World became a staple food.
  • In the early 1900s in the U.S., pellagra was affecting hundreds of thousands in the
    South and Midwest.
A

Niacin

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15
Q

Pellegra symptoms

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Dermatitis
  • Dementia
  • Death
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16
Q

What converts into niacin the body?

A

adequate tryptophan

17
Q

a measure that takes available tryptophan

into account

A

niacin equivalents (NE)

18
Q

helps synthesize DNA and so is

important for making new cells

A

Folate

19
Q

anemia, diminished immunity, and abnormal digestive function

A

Deficiency of folate

20
Q

Deficiencies of folate are related to increased risk of?

A 
cervical cancer (in women infected with HPV)
breast cancer (in women who drink 
alcohol)
pancreatic cancer (in men 
who smoke)
21
Q

are closely related:

each depends on the other for activation

A

Vitamin B12 and folate

22
Q

Main roles: helps maintain nerves and is a part of coenzymes needed in new blood cell synthesis

A

Vitamin B12

23
Q

Symptoms of deficiency of either folate or vitamin B12 include?

A

presence of immature red blood cells

24
Q

___’s other functions then become
compromised, and the results can be
devastating: damaged nerves, creeping paralysis, and general muscle and nerve
malfunctioning.

A

Vitamin B12

25
Q

__ must be injected to bypass the

defective absorptive system

A

Vitamin B12

26
Q

This anemia of the vitamin B12 deficiency caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is known as?

A

pernicious anemia

27
Q

deficiency common among elderly

A

B12 deficiency

28
Q

participates in more than 100
reactions in body tissues.
 Needed to convert one amino acid to another amino acid that is lacking
 Aids in conversion of tryptophan to niacin
 Plays important roles in the synthesis of hemoglobin and neurotransmitters
 Assists in releasing glucose from glycogen
 Has roles in immune function and steroid hormone activity
 Critical to fetal nervous system development

A

Vitamin B6

29
Q

__ and __ __ are also
important in energy metabolism.
Both vitamins are readily available in
foods.

A

Biotin and pantothenic acid

30
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

31
Q

plant-derived precursor of vitamin A

A

Beta-carotene

32
Q

active form stored in the liver of vitamin A

A

Retinol

33
Q

Four major functions in the body:

  1. Vision
  2. Regulating Cell Differentiation
  3. Maintenance of the Health of Epithelial Tissues
  4. Reproduction and Growth
A

vitamin A

34
Q

Four forms of Vitamin E

A
  1. Alpha-tocopherol
  2. Beta-tocopherol
  3. Delta-tocopherol
  4. Gamma-tocopherol
35
Q 
\_\_ is an antioxidant.
Oxidative damage occurs when highly 
unstable molecules known as free 
radicals, formed normally during cell 
metabolism, run amok and disrupt cellular structures.
A

Vitamin E

36
Q

It contain substantial
vitamin E, but high
temperatures
destroy it

A

Raw vegetable oils

37
Q 
Main function of \_\_ is to help 
synthesize proteins that help blood 
clot.
Also necessary for the synthesis of 
key bone proteins.
A

Vitamin K

38
Q

It can be
made by
intestinal
bacteria.

A

Vitamin K

Biochemistry (6 decks)

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