Carbohydrates

Question 1

A major source of energy from our diet

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

How are glucose synthesized?

Answer 2

in plants from CO2, H2O, and energy from the sun

Question 3

Elements of carbohydrates

Answer 3

C,H,O

Question 4

Where are carbohydrates oxidized?

Answer 4

in living cells (respiration) to produce CO2, H2O, and energy

Question 5

formula of carbohydrates

Answer 5

Cn(H2O)n

Question 6

Functions of carbohydrates

Answer 6

• provides energy
• supply Carbon for synthesis of other biochemical substances
• part of structure of DNA and RNA
• regulation of blood sugar
• spare the use of Protein for energy
• breakdown of fatty acids and preventing ketosis
• provide flavor and sweeteners
• source of dietary fibers

Question 7

What provides short term energy reserve?

Answer 7

Glycogen

Question 8

Where is carbohydrates linked in cell membrane?

Answer 8

Lipids

Question 9

Where is carbohydrates linked in biological recognition processes?

Answer 9

Proteins

Question 10

Same molecular formulae but differ from each other by having different structures

Answer 10

Structural isomerism

Question 11

• Same molecular formula and same structure but differ in configuration
• Differ in arrangement of their atoms in space
• Presence of chiral centers allow the formation of stereoisomers

Answer 11

Stereoisomerism

Question 12

compounds possessing identical molecular formula but different structures

Answer 12

Isomers

Question 13

Stereoisomers whose molecules are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other

Answer 13

Enantiomers

Question 14

stereoisomers whose molecules are not mirror images of each other

Answer 14

Diastereomers

Question 15

Left-handed isomerism ___

Righthanded isomerism __

Answer 15

L-

D-

Question 16

_-ribose
_-threose
_-fructose

Answer 16

L-ribose
L-threose
D-fructose

Question 17

Monosaccharides

• with an aldehyde group

Answer 17

Aldose

Question 18

Monosaccharides

• with a ketone group

Answer 18

Ketose

Question 19

consist of 3-10 monosaccharides

Answer 19

Oligosaccharides

Question 20

contain many monosaccharides

Answer 20

Polysaccharides

Question 21

• Found in fruits, corn syrup, and honey
• An aldohexose with the formula C6H12O6
• Known as blood sugar in the body
• The monosaccharide in polymers of starch, cellulose, and glycogen

Answer 21

D-GLUCOSE

Question 22

Glucose has a normal blood level of?

Answer 22

70-90 mg/dL

Question 23

• Is a ketohexose C6H12O6
• Is the sweetest carbohydrate
• Is found in fruit juices and honey
• Converts to glucose in the body

Answer 23

D-FRUCTOSE

Question 24

• An aldohexose C6H12O6
• Not found free in nature
• Obtained from lactose, a disaccharide
• A similar structure to glucose except for the –OH on C4

Answer 24

D-GALACTOSE

Question 25

• Is a disaccharide of β- D-galactose and α- or β-D-glucose
• Contains a β -1,4- glycosidic bond
• Is found in milk and milk products

Answer 25

LACTOSE

Question 26

• Composed of two D-glucose molecules
  
  • Obtained from the hydrolysis of starch
  • Linked by an a-1,4-glycosidic bond formed from the a −OH on C1 of the first glucose and −OH on C4 of the second glucose
  • Used in cereals, candies, and brewing
  • Found in both the a- and β - forms

Answer 26

MALTOSE

Question 27

• also known as table sugar
  
  • obtained from sugar cane and sugar beets
  • Consists of α-D- glucose and β-D- fructose
    has an α,β-1,2- glycosidic bond

Answer 27

SUCROSE

Question 28

• Carbohydrates with a carbonyl group that oxidizes to give a carboxylic acid

Answer 28

REDUCING SUGARS