Vitamins Flashcards
what are the different types of vitamins?
- fat soluble vitamins
- water soluble vitamins
what are the fat soluble vitamins?
A,D,E and K
what are the water soluble vitamins?
vitamins B1,2,3,6,9,12 and C
what are fat soluble vitamins?
- stored in the body (spleen, liver and kidney)
- does not need frequent replenishment (periodic replacement)
- stored long term
- the liver can store enough vitamin A to last the body for two years
what are water soluble vitamins?
- cannot be stored in the body
- excreted through the urine (kidney)
- need to replenish frequently (days)
- stored long term
what are the functions of vitamin A?
- forms visual purple pigment to help see better in dim light to prevent night blindness
- forms and maintains healthy skin by providing resistance to infections
- acts as an antioxidant by destroying free radicals in the body (main sources)
what are some sources of vitamin A?
- egg yolk
- liver
- milk
what are some plant sources of vitamin A?
- carrots
- mango
what is the deficiency disease associated with lack of vitamin A?
night blindness
what are the functions of vitamin D?
- assists the body in absorbing calcium and phosphorus to form strong bones and teeth
- maintains healthy nerves and muscles for effective transmission
what are some sources of vitamin D?
- egg yolk
- milk
what is the deficiency disease associated with the lack of vitamin D?
osteomalacia
what are the functions of vitamin E?
- maintains healthy nerves and muscles transmission of nerve signals
- promotes healthy cell membrane
- acts as an antioxidant by destroying free radicals in the body
what are some sources of vitamin E?
- liver
- egg yolk
what is the deficiency disease associated with the lack of vitamin E?
haemolysis
what is haemolysis?
- rare
- rupture of the red blood cells
what is the function of vitamin K?
assists in the clotting of blood after an injury
what are some sources of vitamin K?
- milk
- liver
what is the deficiency disease associated with the lack of vitamin K?
prolonged blood clotting
what is another name for vitamin B1?
thiamin
what are the functions of vitamin B1?
- essential component for the enzyme system to help the body to release energy from food
- required for the functioning of nerves to if in the transmission of nerve signals
what is the deficiency disease associated with vitamin B1?
beri beri
what is another name for vitamin B2?
riboflavin
what are the functions of vitamin B2?
- essential component for the enzyme system to help the body to release energy from food
- required for the normal growth and development of the body
what are some sources of vitamin B2?
- milk
- liver
- eggs
what is the deficiency disease associated with vitamin B2?
ariboflavinosis
what is another name for vitamin B3?
niacin
what is the function of vitamin B3?
essential component for the enzyme system to help the body to release energy from carbohydrates and fats
what are some sources of vitamin B3?
- eggs
- liver
- potatoes
what is the deficiency disease associated with vitamin B3?
pellgra
what is the function of vitamin B6?
required to produce and break down amino acids to support the growth and maintenance of body cells and tissues
what are some sources of vitamin B6?
- potatoes
- fish
- liver
- eggs
what is the deficiency disease associated with vitamin B6?
anaemia-eczema
-convulsion
what is another name for vitamin B9?
folic acid
what are the functions of vitamin B9?
- responsible for the release of energy from amino acids
- plays an important role in manufacturing new cells and genetic materials (DNA)
- works together with vitamin B12 and iron to form red blood cells
what are some sources of vitamin B12?
- milk
- orange
- liver
what is the deficiency disease associated with vitamin B9?
spinal bifida
what are the functions of vitamin B12?
- required for the normal functioning of nerves essential for the transmission of nerve signals
- helps maintain the enzyme system
- works with vitamin B9 and iron to for red blood cells
what are some sources of vitamin B13?
- milk
- eggs
what is the deficiency disease associated with vitamin B12?
pernicious anaemia
what are the functions of vitamin C?
- formation of collagen (protein) which gives structure to bones, muscles and blood vessels
- maintains healthy skin, heals cuts and wounds to prevent infections
- increases the absorption of iron from cereals and dark green vegetables
what are some sources of vitamin C?
- citrus fruits such as orange
- broccoli
- capsicum
- cauliflower
what is the deficiency disease associated with vitamin C?
scurvy
what are the sources of vitamin B1?
- milk
- banana
- walnut
- tuna
