Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

F&N > Proteins and Vegetarians > Flashcards

Proteins and Vegetarians Flashcards

1
Q

what are 4 elements of proteins?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

sulfur and phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

state the functions of proteins

A
  • growth, repair and maintenance of body cells
  • formation of enzymes
  • maintaining a healthy immune system
  • as a form of energy reserve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

explain how proteins aid in the growth, repair and maintenance of body cells

A

proteins are needed for:

  • healthy growth of our body
  • repair worn-out body cells and tissues
  • our body cells wear out continuously and need to be replaced at regular intervals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

explain how proteins aid in the formation of enzymes

A
  • enzymes are made up of proteins

- enzymes speed up the chemical reactions in our body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

explain how proteins help in maintaining a healthy immune system

A

proteins are needed for:
-making antibodies for our body’s immune system
they help to detect and fight harmful substances which protects our body from illness and infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

explain how proteins acts as a form of energy reserve

A
  • protein is the 3rd form of energy reserve
  • proteins will be sacrificed from bodybuilding and cell repair to provide energy
  • excess energy from proteins not used will be converted into fats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

list some sources of animal proteins

A
  • meat such as beef/chicken etc
  • seafood such as fish/crab
  • farm products such as dairy products which includes milk/cheese or eggs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

list some examples of plant proteins

A
  • cereals such as rice/millet
  • pulses such as long beans/french beans
  • nuts such as peanuts/almond nuts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are amino acids?

A

amino acids are the simplest form of protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the different types of amino acids?

A
  • indispensable (essential) amino acids

- dispensable (non-essential) amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define indispensable (essential) amino acids

A

indispensable (essential) amino acids cannot be manufactured by the body and must be obtained from food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

list some examples of indispensable (essential) amino acids

A
  • phenylalanine (PKU condition)
  • isoleucine
  • leucine
  • lysine
  • threonine
  • methionine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define dispensable (non-essential) amino acids

A

dispensable (non-essential) amino acids can be manufactured by the body and do not need to be obtained from food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

list some examples of dispensable (non-essential) amino acids

A
  • proline
  • asparagine
  • aspartic acid
  • alanine
  • glutamine
  • glycine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the different types of proteins?

A
  • high biological value protein (HBV)

- low biological value protein (LBV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define high biological value protein (HBV)

A

high biological value proteins contain all the essential amino acids in the right proportions.
they are also known as complete proteins
can be derived from animal sources

17
Q

what are some sources of high biological value proteins (HBV)?

A
  • eggs
  • dairy products such as milk
  • meat
  • poultry
  • seafood
  • exception: soya bean (HBV)
18
Q

define low biological value proteins

A

low biological value proteins lack one or more essential amino acids in the right proportion
they are also know as incomplete proteins
can be derived from plant sources

19
Q

list some examples of of low biological value proteins (LBV)

A
  • nuts: peanuts/cashew nuts
  • pulses: beans/peas
  • legumes: long beans/snow peas
  • exception: gelatine->animal protein (LBV)
20
Q

define textured vegetable protein (TVP)

A
  • the proteins from soya beans are processed to make a meat substitute which is also known as textured vegetable protein
  • the materials expand and squire a texture similar to meat when heated up
21
Q

define complementary proteins

A

protein food of low biological value came be combined so that the essential amino acids lacking in one type of food is present in the other and vice versa

22
Q

list some examples of complementary proteins

A
  • lentil soup with pita bread
  • rice and baked beans
  • cereal and milk
  • peanut butter and bread
23
Q

differentiate the different types of vegetarians

A
  • vegan: does not take any eggs or dairy products
  • lacto-vegetarian: does not consume any eggs but consumes dairy products
  • ovo-vegetarian: does not contain any dairy products but consumes eggs
  • lacto-ovo vegetarian: consumes both dairy products and eggs
24
Q

what do all vegetarians have in common?

A

they all consume cereals, fruits and vegetables but they all do not consume any kind of meat

25
Q

list two effects of protein energy malnutrition

A
  • kwashiorkor

- marasmus

26
Q

what is the age of occurrence in children who have kwashiorkor?

A

18-24 months

27
Q

what is the nature of kwashiorkor?

A
  • insufficient food in the diet

- given carbohydrate rich food such as condensed milk

28
Q

what are the symptoms of kwashiorkor?

A
  • loss of hair colour (reddish brown)
  • thinning of hair
  • patchy and scaly skin
  • muscle wasting and bloated stomach with edema (water retention)
29
Q

what is the age of occurrence in children who have marasmus?

A

6-8 years old

30
Q

what is the nature of marasmus?

A
  • starvation (having no food to eat)

- deprived of energy and protein

31
Q

what are some symptoms of marasmus?

A
  • loss of muscle mass
  • weakening of the heart muscles
  • retarded brain growth
  • anaemia

F&N (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions