Vitamin & Nutritional Disorders

Question 1

What is the alternative name for vitamin a?

Answer 1

Retinol

Question 2

What can vitamin A deficiency cause?

Answer 2

Blindness

Bitot’s spots on the eye

Question 3

What can excess vitamin A cause?

Answer 3

Pseudotumor cerebri

Question 4

What is the alternative name for vitamin K?

Answer 4

Phytonadione

Question 5

What can vitamin K deficiency result in?

Answer 5

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn due to coagulopathy

Question 6

Which coagulation factors need vitamin K?

Answer 6

Factors 2, 7, 9, 10

Question 7

What is the alternative name for vitamin E?

Answer 7

Tocopherol

Question 8

What are the symptoms of vitamin E deficiency?

Answer 8

TocopHERol
Thrombocytosis 
o
c
o
p
Hemolytic anemia + Jaundice
Edema
Retarded reflexes
o
l

Question 9

What is the alternative name for vitamin D?

Answer 9

Ergocalciferol

Colecalciferol

Question 10

What are the symptoms of and treatment for vitamin D excess?

Answer 10

• Sxs: polyuria, polydipsia, nausea, vomiting, nephrolithiasis
• Labs: ⬆️ Ca, ⬆️ Phos, ⬆️ BUN and/or creatinine
• Tx: IVF + furosemide

Question 11

What lab do you order to evaluate for vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 11

25-Vitamin D

Question 12

What are the water soluble nutrients?

Answer 12

"The Really Nasty Prince Farted Constantly."
Thiamine (B1)
Riboflavin (B2)
Niacin (B3)
Pyroxidine (B6)
Folate (B9)
Cyanocobalamin (B12)

Question 13

What are the symptoms of thiamine deficiency?

Answer 13

“B1 = B one = won = wet beriberi = Wernicke encephalopathy

• Wet beriberi (high output cardiac failure due to peripheral vasodilation)
• Neurologic symptoms: ataxia, delirium, encephalopathy, neuropathy, nystagmus = Wernicke encephalopathy

Question 14

What are the symptoms of riboflavin deficiency?

Answer 14

“Riboflavin = riboFLAVOR - mouth and face”

• Anemia
• Cheilosis (angular stomatitis)
• Glossitis
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Phototherapy ➡️ ⬇️ riboflavin

Question 15

What are the symptoms of niacin deficiency?

Answer 15

B3 = 3 D’s = diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia = PELLAGRA

Question 16

What are the symptoms of pyroxidine deficiency?

Answer 16

• Neuropathy
• Rashes
• Seizures
• Tongue swelling
• INH ➡️ pyroxidine deficiency

Question 17

What are the symptoms of folate deficiency?

Answer 17

“Folate deficiency = foliage deficiency”

• Macrocytic anemia
• Glossitis
• In pregnancy ➡️ neural tube defects

Question 18

What are the symptoms of vitamin B 12 deficiency?

Answer 18

• Macrocytic anemia
• Neurologic issues: paresthesias, ataxia, decreased reflexes
• In pregnancy ➡️ neural tube defects

- Causes: 
     • Vegan diet
     • Pernicious anemia (intrinsic factor deficiency)
     • Inability to absorb B12 (absorbed in the terminal ileum)
          ~ Gastric surgery 
          ~ Short bowel Syndrome
          ~ Bacterial overgrowth
          ~ IBD

Question 19

What are the symptoms of vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 19

Scurvy:

• Poor wound healing
• Skin spots
• Bleeding gums
• Bone pain

Osteopenia:
- Brittle bones

Question 20

What are the symptoms of vitamin C excess?

Answer 20

Nephrolithiasis

Question 21

What are the symptoms of copper deficiency?

Answer 21

“Kinky hair = Kopper deficiency”

Fatigue
Neuropathies
Kinky hair

Question 22

What is the daily energy requirement for children?

Answer 22

Daily fluid requirement ~= daily kcal requirement

Question 23

What are the symptoms and causes of kwashiorkor?

Answer 23

“Kwashi = cushy = pitting edema”

• Protein deficiency

Sxs:

• Pitting edema
• Large abdomen
• Hepato-megaly
• Rash

Question 24

What are the symptoms of an cause of marasmus?

Answer 24

• Deficiency of all nutrients

- Thin, anorexic looking, severe muscle wasting