Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Peds Boards > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Which two rashes spare the inguinal folds?

A
  • Contact dermatitis

- Eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which diaper rashes go into inguinal folds?

A
  • Candida
  • Psoriasis
  • LCH rash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does nummular eczema look like?

A
  • Coin shaped eczematous lesions on extensor surface of extremities
  • Lesions are uniform without central clearing
  • Lesions may ooze, crust, or have scales on them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Pityriasis Alba?

A

The hypopigmented skin after seborrheic dermatitis clears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Auspitz sign?

A

The bleeding that occurs after a psoriasis scale is removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What differentiates an LCH rash from eczema?

A

Petechiae or papules in the rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the clinical findings of lichen sclerosus?

A
  • White and scaly
  • Chronic, inflammatory, dry, white
  • No thickening or sclerosis
  • In genital area
    • pruritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the clinical features of lichen stratus?

A

“Striae are linear.”

  • Looks like eczema
  • Linear or papular and can follow lines of Blaschko
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the clinical features of icthyosis vulgaris?

A

“Icky fishy scales”

  • Rash resembles fish scales
  • Often seen in atopic dermatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the clinical features of lamellar icthyosis?

A

“Don’t lament over the lamellar baby, though they look quite alarming. They are not as sick as the harlequin babies.”

  • Thin, transparent film over body
  • Missing eyelashes
  • Everted eyelids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the clinical features of harlequin icthyosis?

A
  • Hard, armor-like, horny covering
  • Restricted movement
  • Poor prognosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is pyoderma gangrenosum?

A
  • Pyoderma is associated with Preexisting diseases

- Deep bluish necrotic and boggy looking ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is granuloma annulare?

A
  • Chronic skin condition
  • Annular lesions
  • Slightly pruritic
  • No scales
  • Tx: steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the main clinical features of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)?

A
  • TEN if >30% body surface is involved
  • Bullae followed by a hemorrhagic crusting
  • Severe blistering -> Nikolsky sign
  • Bull’s-eye or target lesion
  • At least two mucous membranes involved (usually lips and eyes)
  • Rash begins within 2 months of starting implicated medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the main clinical features of erythema multiforme?

A
  • Target lesions start on hands or feet and then progress to trunk
  • 0-1 mucous membranes involved
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the major clinical features of scleroderma?

A
  • Thickened skin with ivory or waxy appearance
  • Girls affected more than boys
  • Tx: topical lubricants for limited cases, immunosuppression for more severe cases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an epidermoid cyst?

A
  • Saclike growth present at birth
  • Contain hair and teeth
  • Often associated with tufts or sinuses
  • Should be removed because they can get infected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is comedonal acne treated?

A
  • Retinoid

- Benzoyl peroxide, but not to be used at the same time as the retinoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is inflammatory acne different from comedonal acne?

A

Inflammatory acne has a red base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is inflammatory acne treated?

A
  • Minor cases: localized with small lesions
    • Topical antimicrobial: benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, erythromycin
    • Retinoic acid topical
  • Severe cases: large, nodular, multiple areas
    • Oral antibiotics:
      • First line: tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin
      • Second line: Minocycline
    • OCPs
    • Isotretinoin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What diseases are associated with peg teeth?

A

Incontinentia pigmenti

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the timeline for hemangiomas?

A
  • Proliferation during the first 6 months
  • Largest size by 1 year
  • Begin to involute around 2 years
  • Disappear by 5 to 10 years
23
Q

What is PHACES Syndrome?

A

Required: A large hemangioma in the face or neck area plus one of the following:
Posterior fossa malformation (Dandy Walker)
Hemangioma
Arterial cerebrovascular anomaly
Cardiac: esp Coarctation of the aorta
Eye: microphthalmia, strabismus
Sternal defect

24
Q

What are port wine stains?

A
  • Capillary malformation
  • Usually unilateral, segmental, do not cross midline
  • Start as pink and flat lesions -> become dark red and purple -> become thick and raised in adulthood
  • If on face, can be associated with glaucoma
  • Grow in proportion with child
25
Q

What is Sturge-Weber syndrome?

A
  • Port wine stain in a
  • Trigeminal nerve distribution +
  • Intracranial vascular malformation +/-
  • Glaucoma +/-
  • Neurologic deficits (seizure, cognitive deficits)
26
Q

What is Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome?

A

“Cripple-T” = crippling disorder

  • AV fistulae
  • Hemihypertrophy
  • Port Wine stain
27
Q

What is McCune Albright Syndrome?

A

3 P’s:

  • Pigmentation: cafe-au-lait spots (multiple or >3cm)
  • Precocious puberty (and other endocrine problems)
  • Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia: bone problems (fractures, cranial deformities)
28
Q

What are the clinical features of Tuberous Sclerosis?

A 
ASHLEAF
A: ashleaf spots (seen with woods lamp), at least 3 on body; autosomal dominant
S: shagreen patch
H: heart rhabdomyosarcomas
L: lung hamartomas
E: epilepsy; periventricular or cortical tubers; infantile spasms
A: angiolipoma (renal); angiofibroma
F: facial angiofibroma
  • Need at least 2 of these to make diagnosis
29
Q

What are the clinical features of neurofibromatosis I?

A 
CAFESPOT
* First degree relative has the disease
C: café au lait spots (6)
     - <10 yrs: >5 mm
     - >10 yrs: >15 mm
A: axillary freckling
F: fibromas
E: eye - lisch nodules
S: scoliosis/bony abnormalities
P: pseudoarthrosis of tibia; pheochromocytoma
OT: optic tumor (optic nerve glioma)
  • Need at least 2 of these to make diagnosis
30
Q

What are the clinical features of Incontinentia Pigmenti?

A
  • X-linked dominant (all males die)
  • 4 stages:
    1. Inflammatory vesicular phase
    2. Verrucous phase
    3. Hyperpigmentation phase (along lines of Blaschko)
    4. Hyperpigmentation disappears
  • Systemic associations:
    • Delayed dentition
    • Mental retardation
    • Paralysis
    • Peg teeth
    • Seizures
31
Q

What are the clinical features of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia?

A
  • Related to incontinentia pigmenti, but in boys
  • Decreased sweating
  • Sparse hair
  • Delayed tooth eruption and deformed teeth
32
Q

What is that organism responsible for a skin infection and a premature baby?

A

Staph epidermidis

33
Q

What is the treatment of choice for cellulitis?

A

Cefazolin

Discreet Zone of erythema/edema/induration = tx with cefaZolin

34
Q

What are the clinical features of Pityriasis Rosea?

A

“Pretty Rosea occurs in the winter around Christmas time, when you hark the HERALD and are not exposed to light.”

  • HERALD patch: first lesion
  • Oval, parallel lesions with thick scales in a Christmas tree pattern
  • Tx: light exposure
35
Q

Which HSV strain usually affects the mouth and which usually causes an STD?

A

HSV-1: gingivostomatitis
HSV-2: STD

“1 mouth. 2 genitals transmit STDs.”

36
Q

What are the clinical features of erythema nodosum?

A

“Shiny nodes on your cudis.”

  • Erythematous macules usually on the shins
  • No central clearing
  • Painful
  • Associations:
    • CUDIS
      • Crohn’s
      • UC
      • Drugs (OCPs, sulfa drugs)
      • Infections (Yersinia, EBV, TB, Fungal)
      • Sarcoidosis
37
Q

What are the clinical features of erythema migrans?

A

“Don’t ever LIE to MY GRANny.”

  • Caused by borrelia burgdorferi -> Lyme dz
  • Red border expands from the tick bite with central clearing -> bull’s eye lesion
  • Tx:
    • PO doxycycline (if >8yrs) or PCN/amox (if (<8yrs): arthritis, disseminated erythema migrans, palsy, neuropathy
    • IV PCN/CTX: carditis, neuritis (encephalitis/meningitis), recurrent arthritis
38
Q

What is erythema marginatum associated with?

A

“It is marginal if the marginatum rash will get you diagnosed with rheumatic fever.”

  • Usually on trunk and extremities
39
Q

What are the clinical features of erythema infectiosum?

A
  • Due to parvovirus B 19
  • Slapped cheek rash
  • Followed by lacy or reticular rash on extremities
40
Q

What is milia?

A

“Millions of milia.”

- Whiteheads all over the baby’s face

41
Q

What is the sebaceous hyperplasia?

A
  • Pinpoint papules on baby’s nose in central face

- Due to maternal androgen exposure

42
Q

What is erythema toxicum neonatorum?

A
  • Erythematous macules with raised central lesions
  • Seen at age 0-2 days, disappears by 7 days
  • EOSINOPHILS
  • Early, Erythematous, Eosinophils
43
Q

What is transient neonatal pustular melanosis?

A
  • African American babies
  • Present at birth and resolves within a few days
  • Leaves hyperpigmented macules
  • PMNs
44
Q

At what age do you see neonatal acne?

A

Months 1-4

45
Q

What causes infantile acne?

A

Androgenic stimulation

46
Q

Describe the clinical appearance of alopecia areata.

A
  • Round, well circumscribed areas of alopecia

- Hairs at the periphery are short and resemble an ❗️

47
Q

What are the clinical features of zinc deficiency?

A
  • Scaly and extremely erythematous dermatitis in perioral and perianal area
  • Alopecia
  • Poor taste
48
Q

What mineral deficiencies do strict vegetarians and vegans have?

A 
"FUZZY CAB ... FeZi CaB12"
Fe: Iron
Zi: Zinc
Ca: Calcium 
B12: vitamin B12
49
Q

What is acrodermatitis enteropathica?

A
  • Autosomal recessive

- Zinc transport defect

50
Q

What is telogen effluvium?

A
  • Acute hair shedding that occurs diffusely
  • Hair has keratin bulb on the root end because it was too young to shed
  • Due to psychological or medical stressors
51
Q

What causes black dot alopecia?

A

Tinea capitis

52
Q

What is the cause of incomplete hair loss with hair of differing length?

A

Trichotillomania

53
Q

What causes a hair collar sign?

A
  • Aplasia cutis congenita
  • Hairless area with a collar of dense hair at the edges
  • Associated with underlying spinal dysraphism an underlying skull defects

Peds Boards (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions