Pharmacology Flashcards
Who is prone to develop malignant hyperthermia?
Kids with muscular dystrophy and neuromuscular conditions
How is malignant hyperthermia treated?
- Dantrolene
- Cooling
- O2
- Hyperventilation
What are six hepatic inhibitors?
- Fluconazole (and other -azoles)
- Sulfonamide
- Isoniazid
- H2 blockers (cimetidine)
- Grapefruit juice
- Erythromycin
SICKFACES.COM Sodium valproate Isoniazid Cimetidine Ketoconazole Fluconazole Alcohol..binge drinking Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Sulfonamides Ciprofloxacin Omeprazole Metronidazole
Intrauterine cocaine exposure
- Premature birth
- Minimal withdrawal symptoms
Intrauterine heroin exposure
- Intrauterine fetal demise
- Withdrawal symptoms of seizures, tremors, irritability
- Induces lung maturity
Intrauterine methadone exposure
- Seizures
- Symptoms may not present for up to 4 to 6 weeks
Intrauterine lithium exposure
- Ebstein’s anomaly
Toxicity: heart arrhythmias including heart blocks
Intrauterine warfarin exposure
Fetal warfarin syndrome:
- Flat nasal bridge
- Hypoplastic nose
- Hypoplastic distal phalanges
- Stippling of the vertebrae
Intrauterine anti-seizure medication exposure
Makes everything small: small baby, small head, small nostrils, small nails, small ❤️ valves.
- Cardiac defects: tetralogy of fallot, aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis (seizures sounds like TAP TAP TAP: TOF, AS, PS)
- Microcephaly
- Anti-convulsant facies (broad nasal bridge, small nostrils, angry look)
- IUGR
- Fingernail hypoplasia
Intrauterine phenytoin exposure
Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome
- Finger and nail hypoplasia
- wide anterior fontanelle
- Prominent metopic ridge (bony ridge secondary to abnormal closure of fontanelle)
- Wide spaced eyes
- Depressed nasal bridge
- Short upturned nose
- Cleft lip/palate
Intrauterine valproic acid exposure
- small mouth
- small chin
- Midface hypoplasia
- spina bifida
Intrauterine carbamazepine exposure
- spinal and facial deformities
- spina bifida
Intrauterine ethanol exposure
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- small for gestational age
- Midface hypoplasia
- then upper lip
- smooth philtrum
- small fifth fingernail
- fifth finger clinodactyly
- ASD
- VSD
Intrauterine vitamin a exposure
- transposition of the great vessels
Intrauterine isotretinoin exposure
- small ears
- small eyes
- small head
- small jaw
- small thymus
- cardiac defects: tetralogy of fallot, truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great vessels
- CNS problems: hydrocephalus
“Isotretinoin not only shrinks pimples, but it also shrinks the head, ears, eyes, and thymus.”
