Pharmacology Flashcards
Who is prone to develop malignant hyperthermia?
Kids with muscular dystrophy and neuromuscular conditions
How is malignant hyperthermia treated?
- Dantrolene
- Cooling
- O2
- Hyperventilation
What are six hepatic inhibitors?
- Fluconazole (and other -azoles)
- Sulfonamide
- Isoniazid
- H2 blockers (cimetidine)
- Grapefruit juice
- Erythromycin
SICKFACES.COM Sodium valproate Isoniazid Cimetidine Ketoconazole Fluconazole Alcohol..binge drinking Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Sulfonamides Ciprofloxacin Omeprazole Metronidazole
Intrauterine cocaine exposure
- Premature birth
- Minimal withdrawal symptoms
Intrauterine heroin exposure
- Intrauterine fetal demise
- Withdrawal symptoms of seizures, tremors, irritability
- Induces lung maturity
Intrauterine methadone exposure
- Seizures
- Symptoms may not present for up to 4 to 6 weeks
Intrauterine lithium exposure
- Ebstein’s anomaly
Toxicity: heart arrhythmias including heart blocks
Intrauterine warfarin exposure
Fetal warfarin syndrome:
- Flat nasal bridge
- Hypoplastic nose
- Hypoplastic distal phalanges
- Stippling of the vertebrae
Intrauterine anti-seizure medication exposure
Makes everything small: small baby, small head, small nostrils, small nails, small ❤️ valves.
- Cardiac defects: tetralogy of fallot, aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis (seizures sounds like TAP TAP TAP: TOF, AS, PS)
- Microcephaly
- Anti-convulsant facies (broad nasal bridge, small nostrils, angry look)
- IUGR
- Fingernail hypoplasia
Intrauterine phenytoin exposure
Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome
- Finger and nail hypoplasia
- wide anterior fontanelle
- Prominent metopic ridge (bony ridge secondary to abnormal closure of fontanelle)
- Wide spaced eyes
- Depressed nasal bridge
- Short upturned nose
- Cleft lip/palate
Intrauterine valproic acid exposure
- small mouth
- small chin
- Midface hypoplasia
- spina bifida
Intrauterine carbamazepine exposure
- spinal and facial deformities
- spina bifida
Intrauterine ethanol exposure
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- small for gestational age
- Midface hypoplasia
- then upper lip
- smooth philtrum
- small fifth fingernail
- fifth finger clinodactyly
- ASD
- VSD
Intrauterine vitamin a exposure
- transposition of the great vessels
Intrauterine isotretinoin exposure
- small ears
- small eyes
- small head
- small jaw
- small thymus
- cardiac defects: tetralogy of fallot, truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great vessels
- CNS problems: hydrocephalus
“Isotretinoin not only shrinks pimples, but it also shrinks the head, ears, eyes, and thymus.”
What is the difference between fetal alcohol syndrome and intrauterine exposure to seizure medications?
FAS: SGA, ASD, VSD
Seizure: IUGR, AS, PS
