Vitamin Deficiencies from exam 1 Flashcards
what vitamin deficiency can cause peripheral neuropathy & paresthesias?
thiamin (B1)- beriberi
thiamin (B1) is destroyed by what?
pasteurization & sterilization
what is infantile beriberi
1-4 mo old
breastfed by alcoholic mother whom is deficient in Vit. B1 (thiamin)
what are the s/sx of infantile beriberi
anorexia, apathy, vomiting, restless, pallor
prgresses to dyspnea, cyanosis & CHF
aphonic cry
s/sx of riboflavin (B2) deficiency- ariboflavinosis
angular stomatitis glossitis cheilosis seborrehic dermatitis (nose & mouth) photophobia corneal vascularization reduced tearing cataracts
s/sx of niacin (B3) deficiency
pellagra
weakness, lassitude, dermatitis, photosensitivity, mucosal inflammation, vomiting, diarrhea, dysphage & dementia ( in severe cases)
s/sx of pyridoxine (B6) deficiency
destroyed by heating
microcytic anemia, diarrhea, FTT, seizures, irritability & listlessness
what binds pyridoxine
isoniazid &penicillamine
ascorbic acid (C) deficiency is known as?
scurvy
scurvy s/sx
irritability bone tenderness w/ swelling pseudoparalysis of the legs subperiosteal hemorrhage gingival bleeding petechaie, hyperkeratosis, mental status changes, anemia, poor iron absorption
what is the only water soluble vitamin stored in the liver?
B12
what deficiency leads to xerophthalmia?
retinol & retinoids (A)
night blindness
xerosis of conjunctiva & cornea
what causes rickets & osteomalacia?
ergocalciferol (D3) deficiency
what type of D2 is made in the skin?
cholecalciferol
what directly promotes calcium absorption & inhibits parathyroid activity
vit D3
s/sx of rickets
craniotabes- thin skull, feels like a ping pong ball
enlarged fontanelle
enlarged costochondral junctions (rachitic rosary)
thickening at long bone metaphyses
greenstick fx, scoliosis, lordosis, & bowlegs in older CH
antioxidants & free radical scavengers
alpha-tocopherol & others (E)
phylloquinone (phytonadione, K1) necessary for synthesis of what?
plasma factors II, VII, IX, X
proteins C & S
osteolcalcin
s/sx of hemorrhagic dz of newborn d/t K1 deficiency
generalized ecchymoses
GI bleeding
bleeding from circumcision/umbilical stump
intracranial hemorrhage
what vit is recommended for all newborns after delivery?
phylloquinone (phytonadione, K1)
acrodermatitis enterohepatica
congenital deficiency of zinc absorption
occurs in 1st month after weaning from breast milk
caloric & water needs/ wt of 3-10 kg baby
100 kcal/kg
100 mL of H2O/kg
caloric & H2O needs for 11-20 kg baby
1000 kcal + 50 for each kg > 10kg
for both calories &H2O
caloric & H2O needs for > 20 kg
1500 kcal + 20 kcal/kg for each kg >20 kg
mild dehydration
<5% body wt loss
moderated dehydration
6-10% body wt loss
severe dehydration
> 10% body wt loss
clinical signs of mild dehydration
nml skin turgor, color, pulse, BP, perfusion dry mucous membranes cap refill < 2 seconds mild oliguria no acidosis \+/- tears
clinical signs of moderate dehydration
skin turgor +/- color pale/mottled dry mucous membranes slight increase in pulse cap refill 2-4 secs BP & perfusion nml oliguria acidosis present tears decreased
clinical signs of sever dehydration
poor skin turgor pasty color mottled/grey mucous membranes tachycardia cap refill > 4 secs BP low perfusion circulatory collapse anuria severe acidosis absent tears
volume correct by wt
% of dehydration x .70 x wt (kg)= total replenishment
CH have greater surface area to mass ration, and thus greater_________losses d/t skin losses
insensible
fluid resuscitation in CH is done in?
2 stages
what are the 2 stages of fluid resuscitation in CH?
bolus to address perfusion & hemodynamic stability
correct Na+ imbalances over 24-48 hrs
hypernatremic correction done slowly to avoid?
cerebral edema
hyponatremic correction done to?
avoid seizures
