Vitamin deficiencies Flashcards
Vitamin A
Compound: retinoic acid, retinol, retinal
Function: differentiation of epithelial cells
Symptoms: night blindness, actual blindness, liver damage, increased intercranial pressure, birth defects
Vitamin D
Compound: calcitriol
Function: steroid hormone, increases Ca absorption
Symptoms: demineralization of bones, rickets, osteomalacia
Vitamin E
Compound: tocopherol
Function: antioxidant
Symptoms: RBC fragility
Vitamin K
Compound: Vit K
Function: glutamate carboxylation
Symptoms: needed for CLOTTING made by bacteria in gut (neonatal, antibiotic problem), (blocked by coumarin)
Vitamin B1
Compound: thiamine
Function: carbohydrate metabolism (PDH, aKGDH)
Symptoms: Korsakoff- confusion, weakness, ataxia, nystagmus
Vitamin B2
Compound: Riboflavin
Function: precursor to FMN and FAD (redox)
Symptoms: fissuring at angles of mouth, dermatitis, purple tongue
Vitamin B3
Compound: Niacin (also can be made from tryptophan)
Function: precursor to NAD & NADP
Symptoms: pellagra- dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia and death
Vitamin B5
Compound: Pantothenic acid
Function: Coenzyme A
Symptoms: unknown
Vitamin B6
Compound: pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal
Function: pyridoxal phosphate
Symptoms: (with anti-TB drug isoniazid), seizures
Vitamin B7
Compound: Biotin
Function: coenzyme in carboxylations
Symptoms: (with 20 raw eggs), dermatitis, glossitis, nausea
Vitamin B9
Compound: Folate
Function: one-C metabolism, ie purine and thymidine synthesis
Symptoms: megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects
Vitamin B12
Compound: Cobalamin
Function: needed to synthesize methionine from homocysteine
Symptoms: intrinsic factor needed, megaloblastic anemia via folate trapping (stores last for years)
Vitamin C
Compound: ascorbic acid
Function: hydroxylation of proline (collagen synth)
Symptoms: scurvy
