vitamin d

Question 1

Name the role of vitamin D

Answer 1

1. Maintains calcium skeletal balance
2. Increase osteoclast numbers causing bone resorption
3. Maintain calcium homeostasis via PTH for bone formation
4. Binds to a receptor becoming a transcription factor, which modulates the expression of transport proteins

Question 2

Why is childbirth impossible if you suffer from rickets

Answer 2

Because your pelvis is contracted

Question 3

How is rickets diagnosed

Answer 3

Imaging, isotope bone scan, bone biposy

Question 4

How is rickets caused

Answer 4

Vit. D deficiency caused the epiphysis not to fuse, so the growth plate doesnt mineralise, causing growth plate to become thick, wide and irregular

Question 5

What is osteomalacia

Answer 5

Once the epiphysis is fused, which is characterised by impaired mineralisation of bone leading to an accumulation of unmineralised bone matrix called osteoid

Question 6

Name the 2 categories of vitamin d deficency causes

Answer 6

Primary and secondary

Question 7

Give some primary causes of vitamin d deficiency

Answer 7

Asian immigrants, bizarre diet and elderly household

Question 8

Give some secondary causes of vitamin d deficiencty

Answer 8

renal failure, anticonvulsants, and pancreatic disease

Question 9

What is the function of erector spinae muscles

Answer 9

limit and control flexion of the back

Question 10

What muscle fails to hold the scapula flat when it is innervated

Answer 10

serratus anterior muscle