Vitamin and Mineral

Question 1

Methotrexate for cancer will cause

Answer 1

Weight and Folate loss

Question 2

Enriched vs. Fortified

Answer 2

1. Enriched: Added b/c they lost faster

2. Fortified: Added b/c it didn’t have it

Question 3

Pro-hormone vitamin

Answer 3

Vita D

Question 4

Which mineral has over 300 reactions/processes

Answer 4

Magnesium

Question 5

Pt says he has been itching and eating out a lot…

Answer 5

Hyper-phophatemia

Question 6

alcoholic vitamin deficiency

Answer 6

Thiamin

Question 7

Phosphorous

1. Properties
2. Function
3. Sources.
4. Deficiency
5. Excess

Answer 7

1. Properties: Second most abundant mineral
2. Function: Phospholipids transport fat through lymph and blood. In bones and teeth.
3. Sources: meat, diary, fish, eggs, and inorganic foods like processed foods
4. Deficiency: rare
5. Excess: itching, darkening of skin b/c when high it pulls calcium out of the bone

Question 8

Long term use of a Proton Pump Inhibitor

Answer 8

1. Intrinsic factor is lost and can cause pernicious anemia

Question 9

Potassium

1. Properties
2. Function
3. Sources.
4. Deficiency
5. Lab Values

Answer 9

1. Properties: Electrolyte
2. Function: Conducts nerve impulses and muscle contraction
3. Sources: potato, oranges, tomato, banana, avocado (POTASSYUM)
4. Deficiency: Hypokalemia
5. Lab values: 3.5-5

Question 10

Flouride

1. Properties
2. Function
3. Sources.
4. Deficiency
5. Excess

Answer 10

1. Properties: Trace mineral
2. Function: teeth and bones
3. Sources: Water, soil
4. Deficiency: Dental Caries
5. Excess: Flurosis (brown stains on teeth)

Question 11

Iron

1. Properties
2. Function
3. Sources.
4. Deficiency

Answer 11

1. Properties: Trace mineral, part of hgb
2. Function: Oxygen transport
3. Sources: eggs, dairy, meats
4. Deficiency: Pale tongue, pale conjunctrate, fatigue, anemia, spoon shape nails (pale!)

Question 12

Low zinc can cause ___ in adolescents

Answer 12

delayed maturity

Question 13

Strengths and weakness of B1, B2, B3

Answer 13

Strength: Love to be part of metabolism, energy release, and precursor & essential
Weakness: Easily destroyed via heart & PH & UV

Question 14

Fat Soluble Vitamins, Strengths & Weakness

Answer 14

KEDA (Dark-bright colors)
Strengths: Loves change, coverts things, anti-oxidant
Weakness: Greater risk for toxicity (b/c they are stored in the body longer

Question 15

Omega 3 reduces

Answer 15

Triglycerides (“tri”) and inflammation

Question 16

Omega 6 is

1. known for
2. deficiency

Answer 16

1. known for “beauty and brains”

2. Deficiency leads to petechiae and eczema

Question 17

Protein Deficiency

Answer 17

Easily pluckable hair and lines down all nails

Question 18

Alopecia deficiency mineral

Answer 18

zinc

Question 19

Dry vs Wet Beriberi

Answer 19

Dry affects nerves - Muscle Paralysis

Wet: affects the heart

Question 20

Vita C

1. Properties
2. Function
3. Sources.
4. Deficiency

Answer 20

1. Properties: Most easily destroyed! anti-oxidant, destroyed by heart, alkaline pH, oxidation
2. Function: makes collagen, wound healing, aiding iron absorption
3. Sources: citrus fruits, potatoes, papaya, dark greens, yellow veggies
4. Deficiency: Scurvy, poor wound healing and bleeding gums & petechiae

Question 21

Iodine

1. Properties
2. Sources.
3. Deficiency

Answer 21

1. Properties: Trace mineral and part of thyroxine
2. Sources: Seafood, iodized salt
3. Deficiency: goiter

Question 22

Water soluble vitamins are always

Answer 22

first to lower w/ disease

B vitamins

Question 23

Vita A

1. Properties
2. Function
3. Sources.
4. Deficiency

Answer 23

1. Properties: Pro-vitamin, carotene, precursor
2. Function: skin, vision
3. Sources: Yellow and orange foods, dark leafy vegetables
4. Deficiency: night blindness, corneal damage, dry scaly skin

Question 24

Chromium

1. Properties
2. Function
3. Sources.
4. Deficiency

Answer 24

1. Properties: absorption enhanced by vita C and B3
2. Function: aids insulin action, glucose metabolism
3. Sources: yeast, oyster, potatoes, liver
4. Deficiency: insulin resistance

Question 25

Magnesium 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency

Answer 25

1. Properties: part of chlorophyll 2. Function: protein in FA synthesis, stabilizes structure of ATP, vita D increases need (over 300 reactions & properties) 3. Sources: Milk, bread, chocolate 4. Deficiency: Rare, tremors

Question 26

Selenium 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency

Answer 26

1. Properties: Cooperates w/ Vita E 2. Function: Anti-oxidant-tissue respiration 3. Sources: soil, grain, poultry, fish and dairy 4. Deficiency: Myalgia, cardiac myopathy

Question 27

Vita D 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency

Answer 27

1. Properties: Cholesterol is a precursor of vita D 2. Function: Ca & phosphate metabolism 3. Sources: Sunlight, mushrooms, egg yolk and milk 4. Deficiency : Rickets and Osteomalacia & xeropthalmia * * Pro Hormone

Question 28

Vitamins unable in heat

Answer 28

Vita C and Thiamin

Question 29

Cyancobalamin 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency 5. What B Vita

Answer 29

1. Properties: Contains Co to IF 2. Function: coenzyme in protein synthesis 3. Sources: Liver, meat, kidney, dairy, fish and egg 4. Deficiency: Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia 5. What B Vita: B12

Question 30

Zinc 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency

Answer 30

1. Properties: Trace mineral, excess leads to Cu and Fe deficiency, helps with WOUND HEALING 2. Function: increase taste acuity, enhances insulin action, stabilizes DNA, RNA and cell division. 3. Sources: meat, liver, fish, eggs, 4. Deficiency: reduced immune function, hair loss and alopecia

Question 31

Biotin 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency 5. What B Vita

Answer 31

1. Properties: made by intestinal bacteria 2. Function: fatty acid synthesis 3. Sources: liver, kidney, yeast 4. Deficiency: Dermatitis, glossitis (inflammation of the tongue) 5. What B Vita: b7

Question 32

Pantothenic Acid 1. Function 2. Sources. 3. Deficiency 4. What B Vita

Answer 32

1. Function: energy Synthesis of Fatty Acids 2. Sources: legumes, grains 3. Deficiency: rare 4. What B Vita: Vita B5

Question 33

Copper 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency

Answer 33

1. Properties: attached to protein 2. Function: hemoglobin synthesis, aids Fe absorption 3. Sources: Liver, kidney, shellfish 4. Deficiency: Microcytic anemia, neutropenia, Wilson's disease, low serum

Question 34

Vita E 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency

Answer 34

1. Properties: Least toxic fat-soluble vitamin 2. Function: antioxidant 3. Sources: veg oil, almonds, green vegetables 4. Deficiency: hEmolytic anemia (vita e protects the red blood cell membrane from oxidative damage)

Question 35

Manganese (can skip) 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency

Answer 35

1. Properties: Trace mineral 2. Function: CNS 3. Sources: Whole grains, legumes, and nuts 4. Deficiency: Rare

Question 36

3 stages for Vita D to become active

Answer 36

1. Skin + Sun = Cholecalciferol 2. Cholecalciferol + liver = 25 Calcidiol 3. Kidney + Calcidiol = 1,25 Calitriol * the darker skin the more likely to be deficient

Question 37

Pt on hemodialysis need which supp?

Answer 37

B6, B12, Folate, and vita C

Question 38

Choline "skip" 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources.

Answer 38

1. Properties: Components of lecithin 2. Function: transport lipids as acetyl choline 3. Sources: fat in egg, milk, liver, soybeans

Question 39

Myo-Inositol "skip" 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency

Answer 39

1. Properties: In plants as phytic acid, related to sugar contains phosphate 2. Function: binds calcium, zinc, iron, part of the membrane structure 3. Sources: leafy green veggies & husks of cereal 4. Deficiency: N/A

Question 40

Riboflavin 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency 5. Which B vitamin?

Answer 40

1. Properties: Lost in UV 2. Function: energy release from protein, red cell production 3. Sources: Liver, kidney, milk, meat 4. Deficiency: Growth failure, "anything w/ the mouth," and magenta tongue 5. B2

Question 41

Niacin 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency 5. Which B vitamin?

Answer 41

1. Properties: essential in all cells for energy production and metabolism 2. Function: metabolism of all 3: CHO, PRO, FAT 3. Sources: chicken, rice, yeast, milk and READY TO EAT cereal 4. Deficiency: "The D's": Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia and Death, Beefy red tongue 5. Vita B vitamin: B3

Question 42

Thiamin 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency 5. which b vitamin?

Answer 42

1. Properties: Lost in an alkaline environment and high temp (so is vita C) 2. Function: Metabolism of pyruvate, CHO oxidase 3. Sources: Liver, pork, turkey, grains 4. Deficiency: Wernickle-Korsoakoff, BeriBerri, memory loss, high plasma pyruvate 5. B1 * * Alcohol affects B1 * * NO thiamine= pyruvate builds up and tca cycle will not move forward

Question 43

Pyridoxine 1. Function 2. Sources. 3. Deficiency 4. Which B vitamin?

Answer 43

1. Function: Amino acid metabolism 2. Sources: Pork, liver, yeast, corn 3. Deficiency: Seizure, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, dermatitis. 4. Which B vitamin? B6

Question 44

Long term use of steroids

Answer 44

Osteoporosis

Question 45

Vita C deficiency

Answer 45

Red swollen gums

Question 46

Vita K 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency

Answer 46

1. Properties: Synthesized by lower intestinal bacteria 2. Function: aids blood clotting, forms prothrombin in liver 3. Sources: spinach, kale, leafy green, brocolli 4. Deficiency: Hemorrhage, affected by mineral oil, anticoagulant * produces collagen

Question 47

When deficiencies causes petechiae

Answer 47

Vita C, omega 3, niacin

Question 48

Folate 1. Function 2. Sources. 3. Deficiency 4. Which B vitamin?

Answer 48

1. Function: DNA synthesis, prevents neural tube defect 2. Sources: fortified dry cereal, citrus fruits, leafy vegetables, liver, kidney 3. Deficiency: megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia, diarrhea, fatigue 4. Which B vitamin: B9

Question 49

Calcium 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources. 4. Deficiency 5. RDA

Answer 49

1. Properties: most abundant mineral 2. Function: blood clotting, cardiac function, nerve transmission, smooth muscle contractility 3. Sources: dairy, leafy vegetables and legumes 4. Deficiency: Tetany w/ hypocalcemia 5. RDA: 1000-1200 adults and 1300 teenager/pregnant * * important for dialysis

Question 50

Sulfur 1. Properties 2. Function 3. Sources.

Answer 50

1. Properties: Part of amino acids, cysteine, homocysteine, and methionine 2. Function: component of organic molecules 3. Sources.: meat, fish, egg and poultry

Question 51

Which deficiencies cause glossitis

Answer 51

B2, B6, B7, B12