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Vitamin and Mineral Flashcards

1
Q

Methotrexate for cancer will cause

A

Weight and Folate loss

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2
Q

Enriched vs. Fortified

A
  1. Enriched: Added b/c they lost faster

2. Fortified: Added b/c it didn’t have it

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3
Q

Pro-hormone vitamin

A

Vita D

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4
Q

Which mineral has over 300 reactions/processes

A

Magnesium

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5
Q

Pt says he has been itching and eating out a lot…

A

Hyper-phophatemia

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6
Q

alcoholic vitamin deficiency

A

Thiamin

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7
Q

Phosphorous

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
  5. Excess
A
  1. Properties: Second most abundant mineral
  2. Function: Phospholipids transport fat through lymph and blood. In bones and teeth.
  3. Sources: meat, diary, fish, eggs, and inorganic foods like processed foods
  4. Deficiency: rare
  5. Excess: itching, darkening of skin b/c when high it pulls calcium out of the bone
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8
Q

Long term use of a Proton Pump Inhibitor

A
  1. Intrinsic factor is lost and can cause pernicious anemia
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9
Q

Potassium

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
  5. Lab Values
A
  1. Properties: Electrolyte
  2. Function: Conducts nerve impulses and muscle contraction
  3. Sources: potato, oranges, tomato, banana, avocado (POTASSYUM)
  4. Deficiency: Hypokalemia
  5. Lab values: 3.5-5
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10
Q

Flouride

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
  5. Excess
A
  1. Properties: Trace mineral
  2. Function: teeth and bones
  3. Sources: Water, soil
  4. Deficiency: Dental Caries
  5. Excess: Flurosis (brown stains on teeth)
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11
Q

Iron

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
A
  1. Properties: Trace mineral, part of hgb
  2. Function: Oxygen transport
  3. Sources: eggs, dairy, meats
  4. Deficiency: Pale tongue, pale conjunctrate, fatigue, anemia, spoon shape nails (pale!)
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12
Q

Low zinc can cause ___ in adolescents

A

delayed maturity

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13
Q

Strengths and weakness of B1, B2, B3

A

Strength: Love to be part of metabolism, energy release, and precursor & essential
Weakness: Easily destroyed via heart & PH & UV

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14
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins, Strengths & Weakness

A

KEDA (Dark-bright colors)
Strengths: Loves change, coverts things, anti-oxidant
Weakness: Greater risk for toxicity (b/c they are stored in the body longer

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15
Q

Omega 3 reduces

A

Triglycerides (“tri”) and inflammation

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16
Q

Omega 6 is

  1. known for
  2. deficiency
A
  1. known for “beauty and brains”

2. Deficiency leads to petechiae and eczema

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17
Q

Protein Deficiency

A

Easily pluckable hair and lines down all nails

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18
Q

Alopecia deficiency mineral

A

zinc

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19
Q

Dry vs Wet Beriberi

A

Dry affects nerves - Muscle Paralysis

Wet: affects the heart

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20
Q

Vita C

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
A
  1. Properties: Most easily destroyed! anti-oxidant, destroyed by heart, alkaline pH, oxidation
  2. Function: makes collagen, wound healing, aiding iron absorption
  3. Sources: citrus fruits, potatoes, papaya, dark greens, yellow veggies
  4. Deficiency: Scurvy, poor wound healing and bleeding gums & petechiae
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21
Q

Iodine

  1. Properties
  2. Sources.
  3. Deficiency
A
  1. Properties: Trace mineral and part of thyroxine
  2. Sources: Seafood, iodized salt
  3. Deficiency: goiter
22
Q

Water soluble vitamins are always

A

first to lower w/ disease

B vitamins

23
Q

Vita A

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
A
  1. Properties: Pro-vitamin, carotene, precursor
  2. Function: skin, vision
  3. Sources: Yellow and orange foods, dark leafy vegetables
  4. Deficiency: night blindness, corneal damage, dry scaly skin
24
Q

Chromium

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
A
  1. Properties: absorption enhanced by vita C and B3
  2. Function: aids insulin action, glucose metabolism
  3. Sources: yeast, oyster, potatoes, liver
  4. Deficiency: insulin resistance
25
Q

Magnesium

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
A
  1. Properties: part of chlorophyll
  2. Function: protein in FA synthesis, stabilizes structure of ATP, vita D increases need (over 300 reactions & properties)
  3. Sources: Milk, bread, chocolate
  4. Deficiency: Rare, tremors
26
Q

Selenium

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
A
  1. Properties: Cooperates w/ Vita E
  2. Function: Anti-oxidant-tissue respiration
  3. Sources: soil, grain, poultry, fish and dairy
  4. Deficiency: Myalgia, cardiac myopathy
27
Q

Vita D

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
A
  1. Properties: Cholesterol is a precursor of vita D
  2. Function: Ca & phosphate metabolism
  3. Sources: Sunlight, mushrooms, egg yolk and milk
  4. Deficiency : Rickets and Osteomalacia & xeropthalmia
    * * Pro Hormone
28
Q

Vitamins unable in heat

A

Vita C and Thiamin

29
Q

Cyancobalamin

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
  5. What B Vita
A
  1. Properties: Contains Co to IF
  2. Function: coenzyme in protein synthesis
  3. Sources: Liver, meat, kidney, dairy, fish and egg
  4. Deficiency: Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia
  5. What B Vita: B12
30
Q

Zinc

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
A
  1. Properties: Trace mineral, excess leads to Cu and Fe deficiency, helps with WOUND HEALING
  2. Function: increase taste acuity, enhances insulin action, stabilizes DNA, RNA and cell division.
  3. Sources: meat, liver, fish, eggs,
  4. Deficiency: reduced immune function, hair loss and alopecia
31
Q

Biotin

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
  5. What B Vita
A
  1. Properties: made by intestinal bacteria
  2. Function: fatty acid synthesis
  3. Sources: liver, kidney, yeast
  4. Deficiency: Dermatitis, glossitis (inflammation of the tongue)
  5. What B Vita: b7
32
Q

Pantothenic Acid

  1. Function
  2. Sources.
  3. Deficiency
  4. What B Vita
A
  1. Function: energy Synthesis of Fatty Acids
  2. Sources: legumes, grains
  3. Deficiency: rare
  4. What B Vita: Vita B5
33
Q

Copper

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
A
  1. Properties: attached to protein
  2. Function: hemoglobin synthesis, aids Fe absorption
  3. Sources: Liver, kidney, shellfish
  4. Deficiency: Microcytic anemia, neutropenia, Wilson’s disease, low serum
34
Q

Vita E

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
A
  1. Properties: Least toxic fat-soluble vitamin
  2. Function: antioxidant
  3. Sources: veg oil, almonds, green vegetables
  4. Deficiency: hEmolytic anemia (vita e protects the red blood cell membrane from oxidative damage)
35
Q

Manganese (can skip)

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
A
  1. Properties: Trace mineral
  2. Function: CNS
  3. Sources: Whole grains, legumes, and nuts
  4. Deficiency: Rare
36
Q

3 stages for Vita D to become active

A
  1. Skin + Sun = Cholecalciferol
  2. Cholecalciferol + liver = 25 Calcidiol
  3. Kidney + Calcidiol = 1,25 Calitriol
    * the darker skin the more likely to be deficient
37
Q

Pt on hemodialysis need which supp?

A

B6, B12, Folate, and vita C

38
Q

Choline “skip”

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
A
  1. Properties: Components of lecithin
  2. Function: transport lipids as acetyl choline
  3. Sources: fat in egg, milk, liver, soybeans
39
Q

Myo-Inositol “skip”

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
A
  1. Properties: In plants as phytic acid, related to sugar contains phosphate
  2. Function: binds calcium, zinc, iron, part of the membrane structure
  3. Sources: leafy green veggies & husks of cereal
  4. Deficiency: N/A
40
Q

Riboflavin

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
  5. Which B vitamin?
A
  1. Properties: Lost in UV
  2. Function: energy release from protein, red cell production
  3. Sources: Liver, kidney, milk, meat
  4. Deficiency: Growth failure, “anything w/ the mouth,” and magenta tongue
  5. B2
41
Q

Niacin

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
  5. Which B vitamin?
A
  1. Properties: essential in all cells for energy production and metabolism
  2. Function: metabolism of all 3: CHO, PRO, FAT
  3. Sources: chicken, rice, yeast, milk and READY TO EAT cereal
  4. Deficiency: “The D’s”: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia and Death, Beefy red tongue
  5. Vita B vitamin: B3
42
Q

Thiamin

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
  5. which b vitamin?
A
  1. Properties: Lost in an alkaline environment and high temp (so is vita C)
  2. Function: Metabolism of pyruvate, CHO oxidase
  3. Sources: Liver, pork, turkey, grains
  4. Deficiency: Wernickle-Korsoakoff, BeriBerri, memory loss, high plasma pyruvate
  5. B1
    * * Alcohol affects B1
    * * NO thiamine= pyruvate builds up and tca cycle will not move forward
43
Q

Pyridoxine

  1. Function
  2. Sources.
  3. Deficiency
  4. Which B vitamin?
A
  1. Function: Amino acid metabolism
  2. Sources: Pork, liver, yeast, corn
  3. Deficiency: Seizure, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, dermatitis.
  4. Which B vitamin? B6
44
Q

Long term use of steroids

A

Osteoporosis

45
Q

Vita C deficiency

A

Red swollen gums

46
Q

Vita K

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
A
  1. Properties: Synthesized by lower intestinal bacteria
  2. Function: aids blood clotting, forms prothrombin in liver
  3. Sources: spinach, kale, leafy green, brocolli
  4. Deficiency: Hemorrhage, affected by mineral oil, anticoagulant
    * produces collagen
47
Q

When deficiencies causes petechiae

A

Vita C, omega 3, niacin

48
Q

Folate

  1. Function
  2. Sources.
  3. Deficiency
  4. Which B vitamin?
A
  1. Function: DNA synthesis, prevents neural tube defect
  2. Sources: fortified dry cereal, citrus fruits, leafy vegetables, liver, kidney
  3. Deficiency: megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia, diarrhea, fatigue
  4. Which B vitamin: B9
49
Q

Calcium

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
  4. Deficiency
  5. RDA
A
  1. Properties: most abundant mineral
  2. Function: blood clotting, cardiac function, nerve transmission, smooth muscle contractility
  3. Sources: dairy, leafy vegetables and legumes
  4. Deficiency: Tetany w/ hypocalcemia
  5. RDA: 1000-1200 adults and 1300 teenager/pregnant
    * * important for dialysis
50
Q

Sulfur

  1. Properties
  2. Function
  3. Sources.
A
  1. Properties: Part of amino acids, cysteine, homocysteine, and methionine
  2. Function: component of organic molecules
  3. Sources.: meat, fish, egg and poultry
51
Q

Which deficiencies cause glossitis

A

B2, B6, B7, B12

D1 (6 decks)

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