Vitals (chap 3)

Question 1

Anoxia

Answer 1

Absence of oxygen in the tissues

Question 2

Apical pulse

Answer 2

Pulse that is found when a stethoscope is placed on the chest wall over the apex of the heart - also may be found by palpation

Question 3

Apnea

Answer 3

Absence of breathing

Question 4

Arrhythmia

Answer 4

Variation from the normal rhythm

Question 5

Auscultation

Answer 5

Listening for sounds produced within the body by using th unaided war or a stethoscope

Question 6

Bradycardia

Answer 6

A slow heartbeat (pulse <60bpm) - may be normal finding in a well-conditioned person or an abnormal finding

Question 7

Cardiac output

Answer 7

The amount of blood that is pumped from the heart during each contraction

Question 8

Diaphoresis

Answer 8

Profuse perspiration

Question 9

Dyspnea

Answer 9

Labored or difficult breathing

Question 10

Diastole

Answer 10

The period when the least amount of pressure is exerted on the walls or the arteries during the heartbeat - usually indicates the resting phase of the heart

Question 11

Dysrhythmia

Answer 11

Disturbance of rhythm

Question 12

Ectopic

Answer 12

Arising or produced abnormally

Question 13

Intubation

Answer 13

The insertion of a tube into the larynx to maintain an open airway

Question 14

Pyrexia

Answer 14

Fever

Question 15

Korotkoff sounds

Answer 15

Sounds heard during auscultatory determination of blood pressure; believed to be produced by the vibratory motion of the arterial wall as the artery suddenly distends when compressed by a pneumatic blood pressure cuff; the origin of the sound may be within the blood passing through the vessel or within the wall itself

Question 16

Occlude

Answer 16

To fit close together - close tight - obstruct or close off

Question 17

Orthopenea

Answer 17

A condition in which breathing is easier when the person is seated or standing

Question 18

Pulse oximeter

Answer 18

A medical device that measures levels of blood oxygen saturation, monitors pulse rate, and calculates heart rate

Question 19

Rale

Answer 19

An abnormal, discontinuous, nonmusical sound heard on auscultation of the chest, primarily during inhalation - crackle

Question 20

SOB

Answer 20

Shortness of breath

Question 21

Sphygmomanometer

Answer 21

An instrument used to measure blood pressure; it may use a mercury column or an enclosed air-pressure spring system

Question 22

Stethoscope

Answer 22

An instrument used to convey sounds produced in the body of a person to the ears of the examiner

Question 23

Stridor

Answer 23

A shrill, harsh sound, especially the respiratory sound heard during inspiration in a person with laryngeal obstruction

Question 24

Syncope

Answer 24

A temporary suspension of consciousness caused by cerebral anemia - fainting

Question 25

Systole

Answer 25

The period when the greatest amount of pressure is exerted on the walls of the arteries during heartbeat - usually indicates the contractile phase of the heartbeat

Question 26

Tachycardia

Answer 26

An abnormally fast heartbeat - pulse >100 bpm

Question 27

Triangle of auscultation

Answer 27

A relative thinning of the musculature of the back, situated along the border of the scapula - the space is bounded by the lower border of the trapezius, the lats, and the medial margin of the scapula

Question 28

Vital signs

Answer 28

Measurement of a person’s body temp, heart and respiration rates, and blood pressure - cardinal signs

Question 29

General factors that change vitals And temp

Answer 29

1. Level or amount of physical activity 2. Environmental temp 3. Person’s age 4. Emotional status ——— 5. Physiologic state 6. Time of day 7. Menstrual cycle 8. Oral cavity temp (due to ingestion or smoking)

Question 30

Adverse response to activity

Answer 30

1. Mental confusion 2. Fatigue 3. Exhaustion 4. Lethargy 5. Slow reactions 6. Complaints of nausea, syncope, vertigo 7. Diaphoresis 8. Pallor or erythema 9. Decrease in BP 10. Loss of consciousness 11. Pupil dilation or constriction

Question 31

1. Human oral core or body temp range 2. Rectal temp 3. Average 4. Pyrexic temp 5. Hyperpyrexic temp

Answer 31

1. 96.8-99.3 F (36-37.3 C) 2. 97.8-100.3 F (36.6-38.1 C) 3. 98.6 F (37 C) 4. 100+ F (38+ C) 5. 106+ F (41.1+ C)

Question 32

Normal resting HR 1. Adult 2. Newborn 3. Child

Answer 32

1. 60 - 100 bpm 2. 100-150 bpm 3. 70-130 bpm (1-10 yo)

Question 33

Vitals signs used to determine

Answer 33

1. Baseline measurement 2. Prognosis 3. Appropriate level of exercise 4. Treatment effectiveness 5. Need for further work up or referral

Question 34

Normative values pic

Answer 34

Pic

Question 35

Signs of distress

Answer 35

• pain-facial grimacing, breathing changes, guarding, avoidance - diaphoresis - odor (fruity breath, wound infection) - chagne in respiration - change in appearance-erythema or pallor - mental confusion - fatigue/exhaustion - lethargy - decreased responsiveness to verbal or tactile stimuli - nausea/vomiting - syncope and/or loss of consciousness

Question 36

Hypoxia

Answer 36

<90% O2 in blood (sea level 95%)

Question 37

MAP

Answer 37

Mean arterial pressure - average pressure that occurs during a single cardiac cycle - need >60mmHg to perfume organs ANS vessels

Question 38

Stages of HTN

Answer 38

PreHTN: 120-139 / 80-89 I: 140-159/90-99 II: 160-179/100-109 III: 180-209/110-119 IV: 210+/120+

Question 39

Respiratory rate

Answer 39

Adult: 12-18, infant 30-50 / min

Question 40

Respiratory rate chart

Answer 40

Chart

Question 41

Non-verbal indicators / pain behaviors

Answer 41

• vocalization - facial grimaces - bracing - restlessness - rubbing

Question 42

Descriptive complaints indicative of related structures

Answer 42

• ache/mm - sharp/nerve - deep/bone - diffuse/vascular urge vs. visceral

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

Answer 44

Question 45

Answer 45