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S3 PTA 201 Rehab 1 > lab book med terms > Flashcards

lab book med terms Flashcards

1
Q

assessment

A

the measurement or quantification of a variable or the placement of a value on something (not an examination or evaluation)

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2
Q

caregiver

A

the person who is treating or working with the pt

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3
Q

communication

A

the exchange of information through verbal, written, or nonverbal means

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4
Q

documentation

A

written, printed, or electronic matter conveying authoritative information, records, or evidence

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5
Q

electrodiagnostic tests

A

the use of an electrical current to assist with the diagnosis of a pt’s condition

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6
Q

evaluation

A

the dynamic process in which the practitioner makes clinical judgments based on data gathered during the examination and identifies problems pertinent to pt management

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7
Q

examination

A

the process of obtaining a history, performing relevant systems reviews, and selecting and administering specific tests and measures

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8
Q

goniometry

A

the measurement of the range of motion of a joint of the body

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9
Q

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996

A

HIPAA

- a federal law enacted to protect health care-related information

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10
Q

kinesthesia

A

the sense by which position, weight and movement are perceived

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11
Q

orthosis

A

an orthopedic appliance used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities or to replace the function of parts of the body

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12
Q

outcome measure

A

a quantifiable or objective means to determine the effectiveness of treatment or performance that is usually expressed in functional terms

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13
Q

POMR

A

problem-oriented medical record: a system developed to organize a medical record that uses a common list of pt problems as its base

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14
Q

proprioception

A

perception mediated by proprioceptors or proprioceptive testing
- sensation and awareness about the movements and position of body parts or the body

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15
Q

prosthesis

A

the artificial replacement of an absent body part

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16
Q

radiograph

A

an image or a record produced on exposed or processed film through radiography
- roentgenogram

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17
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

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18
Q

asepsis

A

absence of microorganisms that produce disease

- the prevention of infection by maintaining a sterile condition

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19
Q

contamination

A

when something is rendered unclean or nonsterile

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20
Q

decontamination

A

the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy blood-borne pathogens on a surface or item to the point at which they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered sage for handling, use or disposal

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21
Q

disinfection

A

the destruction or removal of pathogenic organisms by not necessarily their spores

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22
Q

health care-associated infections

A

infections associated with health care delivery in any setting
- previously known as nosocomial infection

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23
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

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24
Q

infection

A

the production of a disease or harmful condition by the entrance of disease-producing germs into an organism

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25
Q

isolation

A

separation from others

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26
Q

medical asepsis

A

practices that help reduce the number and spread of microorganisms

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27
Q

microorganism

A

a tiny living animal or plant that can cause disease

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28
Q

nosocomial

A

pertaining only to infections originating in a hospital

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29
Q

pathogen

A

a microorganism that produces disease

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30
Q

PPE

A

personal protective equipment

  • various barriers and respirators used alone or in combination to protect skin, mucous membranes, eyes, airways, and clothing from contact with infectious agents
  • gloves, respirators, masks, face shields, goggles, show covers, caps, gowns
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31
Q

respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette

A

CDC standard that applies to all persons entering a health care setting (visitors, pts, and health care personnel)

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32
Q

sepsis

A

the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood or tissues

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33
Q

spore

A

a hard, thick-walled capsule formed by some bacteria that contains only the essential parts of the protoplasm of the bacterial cell

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34
Q

sterile

A

containing no microorganism

- free from germs

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35
Q

sterilization

A

process by which all microorganisms are destroyed

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36
Q

surgical asepsis

A

practices that render and keep objects and areas free of all microorganisms

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37
Q

wound

A

a bodily injury caused by physical means, with disruption of the normal continuity of structures

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38
Q

anterior

A

situated at or directed toward the front of a body or object

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39
Q

BOS

A

base of support

- the area on which an object rests and that provides support for the object

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40
Q

COG

A

the point at which the mass of a body or object is centered

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41
Q

dysfunction

A

disturbance, impairment, or abnormality of functioning of a body part

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42
Q

friction

A

the act of rubbing one object against another

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43
Q

gravity

A

the force that pulls toward the center of the earth and affects all objects

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44
Q

isometric

A

maintaining or pertaining to the same length

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45
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormally increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

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46
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to a side (away from the midline)

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47
Q

lever arm

A

a component of a mechanical lever

  • it may be the force arm or the weight (resistance)
  • when the length of the force arm is increased or the length of the weight arm is decreased, a greater mechanical advantage is created fro the lever system
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48
Q

lordosis

A

an increase in one of the forward convexities of the normal vertebral columns
- lumbar or cervical

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49
Q

medial

A

pertaining to or situated toward the midline of the body

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50
Q

recumbent

A

lying down

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51
Q

squat

A

to sit on the heels with the knees fully net

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52
Q

stoop

A

to bend the body forward or downward by partially bending the knees

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53
Q

torque

A

the expression of the effectiveness of a force in turning a lever system
T = F x D

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54
Q

valsalva maneuver

A

increased intrathoracic pressure caused by forcible exhalation against a closed glottis

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55
Q

vector

A

a quantity possessing magnitude and direction, such as a force or velocity

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56
Q

VGL

A

vertical gravity line

- imaginary vertical line that passes through the COG of an object

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57
Q

ascend

A

to go or move upward

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58
Q

condyle

A

rounded projection on a bone

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59
Q

crash bar

A

the metal bar on a door that disengages the door latch when it is pushed

60
Q

descend

A

to go down

61
Q

femoral

A

pertaining to the femur

62
Q

independent

A

able to function or perform without assistance from another person

63
Q

locomotion

A

the ability to move from one place to another

64
Q

pedal

A

pertaining to the foot or feet

65
Q

pneumatic

A

of or containing air or gases

66
Q

popliteal

A

pertaining to the area behind the knee

67
Q

propulsion

A

the act of propelling

- movement of a wheelchair by the person in the chair or by another person

68
Q

restraint

A

the forcible confinement or restriction of movement of a person through the use of belts, straps or other similar items

69
Q

self-closing device

A

a device attached to a door that closes the door through the use of compressed fluid or air

70
Q

semipneumatic

A

partially containing air or gases

71
Q

anteroposterior

A

from the front to the back of an object or a living being

72
Q

bariatric

A

field of medicine that is concerned with weight loss or that deals with causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity

73
Q

contralateral

A

on the other side

74
Q

dependent

A

requiring some level or type of assistance, which may be human or mechanical
- the pt is unable to assist with transfers

75
Q

draw sheet

A

a small sheet or linen pad placed underneath the pt that extends from the upper trunk to midthigh

76
Q

exacerbation

A

an increase in the severity of disease or any of its symptoms

77
Q

gait belt

A

an adjustable belt or strap that is secured around a pt’s waist or hips and is used to protect and control the pt during gait activities or transfers

78
Q

graft

A

any tissue or organ for transplantation or implantation

79
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body

80
Q

ipsilateral

A

homolateral (same side)

81
Q

mobility

A

the ability to move in an environment with ease and without restriction

82
Q

osteoporosis

A

a decreased mass per unit volume of normally mineralized bone compared with that in age-matched and sex-matched control subjects
- loss of bone mass

83
Q

paralysis

A

loss of power and voluntary movement in a mm through injury or disease of its nerve supply

84
Q

paresis

A

partial or incomplete paralysis

85
Q

plinth

A

a padded table for a pt to sit or lie on while performing exercises, receiving a massage, or undergoing other physical therapy treatment

86
Q

syncope

A

temporary suspension of consciousness as a result of cerebral anemia
- fainting

87
Q

transfer

A

the moving of a pt from one surface to another surface

88
Q

vertigo

A

a sensation of rotation or movement of one’s self or of one’s surroundings

89
Q

stereognosis

A

the ability to recognize the form of an object by touch

90
Q

joint commision

A

private, nonprofit organization whose purpose is to encourage the attainment of uniformly high standards of institutional medical care

91
Q

two-point discrimination

A

the ability to recognize or differentiate two blunt points when they are simultaneously applied to the skin

92
Q

ambulation

A

act of walking or being able to walk

93
Q

Affected

A

Attacked by disease, afflicted

94
Q

assistive device

A

A piece of equipment used to provide support or stability for a pt when he or she is walking

95
Q

Axillary crutches

A

Adjustable or non adjustable wooden or metal crutches that fit under a pt’s upper arms and into the axillary and have a hand piece to grasp

96
Q

Forearm crutches

A

Wooden or metal crutches with a full or half cuff that fits over a pts’ forearms and that have a hand piece to grasp
(Lofstrand or Canadian crutches)

97
Q

Four-point gait

A

Repetitive, alternating, reciprocal forward movement of an assistive device and a patient’s opposite lower extremity

98
Q

Immobilized

A

An object or apparatus that immobilizes or prevents motion, such as a cast or brace

99
Q

monitor

A

To check on a given physiological condition or phenomenon, such as blood pressure or heart respiration rate

100
Q

Parallel bars

A

Adjustable or non adjustable wooden or metal bars that are horizontal and parallel to each other and attached to vertical uprights to provide stable, non mobile support for a person who requires an assistive device

101
Q

Platform attachment

A

Wooden or metal crutches with an adjustable or non adjustable platform for a patients forearm to rest on and aid in WB

102
Q

Quad cane

A

A cane with 3-4ft that forms a wider BOS than the single crutch tip
- crab, 3 or 4 footed, hemi cane

103
Q

Reciprocal

A

Corresponding but reversed on both sides

104
Q

Riser

A

A vertical piece of wood joining two steps

- the back of the step

105
Q

Three-one-point gait (PWB)

A

(PWB)
One LE is FWB and the contraLE is PWB
- pt uses bilat canes, crutches, or a walker to partially support BW as pt bears weight on PWB LE
- the FWB LE advances independently and the assistive devices and PWB LE advance simultaneously

106
Q

Three-one-point gait (NWB)

A

(NWB)
One LE is FWB and the contra LE is NWB
- pt uses bilat crutches or a walker to suppport his or her weight when the weight-bearing LE advances

107
Q

Tripod position

A

The use of 3 points as supports, such as a cane or crutch tips and a pt’s feet, with the tips in front of and to the side of the pt’s feet to from a base of support when the pt stands

108
Q

Two-point gait

A

Repetitive, simultaneous, reciprocal forward movement of an assistive device and a person’s opposite LE

109
Q

Walker

A

An assistive device that usually has four contacts that are placed on the floor and a frame to support the pt’s weight and provide stability during ambulation

110
Q

Anticoagulation

A

The use of drugs to render the blood suffiently unable to create a clot or mass to discourage thrombosis

111
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Variation from the normal rhythm, esp of heartbeat

112
Q

Arterial monitoring line (A line)

A

A catheter inserted into an artery and attached to an electronic monitoring system to directly measure arterial BP

113
Q

Catheter

A

A rubber, plastics, metal, or glass tube used to remove or inject fluids into a pt

114
Q

Comminuted

A

Broken or crushed into small pieces

115
Q

Cyanosis

A

A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by excessive concentration of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

116
Q

Dialysis

A

The diffusion of solute molecules through a semipermeable membrane passing from the side of higher concentration to the side of lower concentration
- method used in cases of defective renal funciton to remove elements from the blood that are normally excreted in the urine (hemodialysis)

117
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

EKG or ECG
- a graphic record of the electrical action of the hear derived by amplification of minutely small electrical impulses normally generated by the heart

118
Q

Endotracheal tube

A

ETT

  • a hollow tube, approximately 10 inches long, with an inflatable cuff near one end that is inserted and positioned in the trachea
  • after the tube has been positioned, the cuff is inflated to maintain the tube’s position so that the pt can breathe through the tube
119
Q

Fistula

A

Any abnormal, tube-like passage within body tissue, usually between two internal organs or leading from an internal organ to the body surface

120
Q

Fowler’s position

A
  • Low fowler’s position in which the head of the pt’s bed is raised 15-30 degrees above level
  • semi-fowler’s is where the head of the bed is raised 30-45 degrees
  • high fowler’s is when the head of the bed is raised 60-90 degrees
  • *knees flexed in all 3 positions
121
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Abnormally prolonged and deep breathing

122
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficient oxygenation of the blood

123
Q

Infusion

A

Slow therapeutic introduction of fluid other than blood into a vein

124
Q

Infusion pump

A

(IMED, IVAC)

- an electronic device designed to automatically control the flow and rate of intravenous fluids into a pt

125
Q

International nomalized ration

A

(INR)

- a system established for reporting the results of blood coagulation or clotting tests

126
Q

Intravenous (IV)

A

Administration of fluids into a vein through the use of a steel needle or plastic catheter

127
Q

Intravenous therapy

A

The introduction of a fluid into a pt’s vein

- nutrients or medications may be supplied intravenously

128
Q

Mediastinum

A

The mass of tissues and organs separating the sternum in front and the vertebral column behind, containing the heart and its large vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, and other structures and tissues

129
Q

Micturition

A

Voiding of urine

130
Q

Monitor

A

An apparatus designed to observe, report, and measure a given condition or phenomenon such as blood pressure, HR, or RR

131
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

(MI)
- necrosis of the cells of an area of the heart mm resulting from O2 deprivation caused by obstruction of the blood supply

132
Q

Nasogastric tube

A

NG

  • a plastic tube usually inserted into a nostril and ending in the stomach
  • it can be used to remove fluid or gas from the stomach, monitor the digestive function of the stomach, administer medications or nutrients, or obtain specimens of the stomach contents
133
Q

Oximeter

A

A photoelectrical device that measures oxygen saturation of the blood (pulse ox)

134
Q

Patent

A

Open, unobstructed, or not closed

135
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity resulting in collapse of the lung on the affected side

136
Q

Respirator

A

Ventilator

137
Q

Shunt

A

A passage or anastomoses between two natural vessels, esp between blood vessels

138
Q

Stoma

A

An artificial permanent opening, esp in the abdominal wall, that is made in surgical procedures

139
Q

Suprapubic

A

Above the pubis

140
Q

Swan-ganz catheter

A

A long intravenous tube inserted into a vein (usually the basilic or subclavian vein) and terminating in the pulmonary artery

  • a monitor attached to the catheter measures the pulmonary artery pressure and the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
  • it permits evaluation of cardiac function
141
Q

Tachypnea

A

Very rapid respirations

142
Q

Tract

A

A longitudinal assemblage of tissues or organs (esp a bundle of nerve fibers having a common origin, function and termination) or several anatomic structures arranged in a series and serving a common function

143
Q

Traction

A

The exertion of pulling or distracting force to maintain a proper position of bone ends or joints to facilitate the healing process

144
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

A position in which the pt lies supine with the head lower than the remainder of the body

145
Q

Ventilator

A

A mechanical apparatus designed to intermittently or continuously assist or control pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
- respirator

146
Q

Wedge pressure

A

Intravascular pressure measured by a catheter inserted into the pulmonary artery (swan-ganz catheter) to permit indirect measurement of mean left atrial pressure

S3 PTA 201 Rehab 1 (7 decks)

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