Vitals Flashcards
___ - measures of bodys most basic functions
vitals
vitals should be performed on every ___ patient
NEW
4 components of vitals
blood pressure
pulse
temp
respiration
appropriate cuff size: ___% of upper arm circumfrence
40
if the cuff is too small = reads too ___
high
if the cuff is too large = reads too ___
low
___ ____ - standing up and you get a head rush/ feel like you need to faint
orthrostatic hypotension
inflatable bladder of cuff centered over ___ ___
brachial artery
blood pressure should be measured ____
bilaterally
greater than 10mmHg difference in BP of one arm to the other may indicate ___ ___ or ___ of the side with lower presure
arterial compression
obstruction
BP is the ___ of the blood pushing against the artery walls
force
highest BP when the heart ___
contracts
____: represents peak pressure within the arteries due to ventricular contraction
systolic
_____: represents pressure within the arteries while the heart is at rest
diastolic
___ ___: difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
pulse pressure
if there is a low pulse pressure = low ___ ___ or reading error
stroke volume
low stroke volume can be indicative of ___ ___ __ or ___
congestive heart failure
shock
high stroke volume can be indicative of ____, ___ ____ or ____
arteriosclerosis
aortic regurgitation
hyperthyroidism
high pulse pressure is a risk factor for ___ ___
heart disease
mechanical influences on BP (5)
stroke volume of LV aortic and arterial distensibility arterial blood volume peripheral resistance with the arteries blood viscosity
5 potential environmental influences on blood pressure
physical activity emotion pain strong sensory stimuli stimulant drugs
less than 80 diastolic pressure =
normal
80-89 diastolic pressure =
pre-hypertension
90-99 diastolic pressure =
stage 1 hypertension
more than 100 diastolic pressure =
stage 2 hypertension
less than 120 systolic pressure =
normal
120-139 systolic pressure =
pre-hypertension
140-159 systolic pressure =
stage 1 hypertension
more than 160 systolic pressure =
stage 2 hypertension
blood pressure goals for patients with hypertension, diabetes or renal disease is __/__mmHg
130/80
type I diabetes mellitus =
autoimmune attack of the beta cells
do not produce insulin
type II diabetes mellitus =
insulin resistence
stops producing it
malignant hypertension
- diastolic
- systolic
180+
110+
blood pressure is lower in ___ people
smaller
- shorter
- lower weight
hypertension can cause damage to 5 organs
eyes heart brain kidneys any other organ
severe hypertension should be managed ___
medically
___ ___: drop by 20 or more mmHg in systolic or 10 or more in diastolic when going from laying to standing
orthostatic hypertension
normal range of pulse rate
50-90
heart rate more than 90
tachycardia
heart rate less than 50
bradycardia
indications of tachycardia
underlying pathology hypertension exercise illness injury emotion
indications of bradycardia
underlying pathology
well conditioned athlete
adult ___ have lower pulse rate than adult ___
women
men
____ = disturbance of the normal heart rhythm or force
arrhythmia
pulse intensity 4 pt scale 0= 1= 2= 3= 4=
absent diminished or barely palpable expected (normal) full, increased bounding
pulse intensity can be decreased systemically by ___, __ ___ or severe ___ ___
hypovolemia
heart failure
aortic stenosis
pulse intensity can be decreased locally by ___ and other forms of arterial -___
atherosclerosis
pulse intensity can be increased systemically by 5
exercise fever hyperthyroidism anemia aortic regurgitation
pulse intensity can be increased locally by ___
arteriosclerosis
aortic sound heard…
right 2nd intercostal space at the parasternal margin
pulmonic sound heard…
left 2nd intercostal space at the parasternal margin
tricuspid sound heard…
5th intercostal space on the left parasternal margin
mitral sound heard..
5th intercostal space at the left midclavicular line
normal respiratory rate =
14-20 breaths per minute
normal respiratory rate for babies=
as high as 44
greater than 20 breaths per minute =
tachypnea
less than 20 breaths per minute =
bradypnea
indications of tachypnea
restrictive lung disease pleurisy elevated diaphragm exercise anxiety
indications of bradypnea
diabetic coma
dugs
increased intracranial pressure
___= rapid, deep breathing; may be due to exercise, anxiety, metabolic acidosis, or brainstem damage
hyperpnea
hyperventilation
____: shortness of breath that begins or incerases when the patient lies down
orthopnea
___ ___ ___: shortness of breath after a period of sleep; sitting upright helps relieve the symptoms
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
normal range for temperature
96.4-99.1
elevated temp more than 99.1 indicative of
infection trauma malignancy recent physical activity hyperthyroidism acute immune disorders
diminished temp less than 96.4 indicative of
advanced age nutritional deficiency exposure to cold recent cold drink hypothyroidism hypoglycemia
___: core temp below 95
hypothermia
___: an elevated temp at or above 106
hyperpyrexia
