ophthalmoscopic evaluation Flashcards
___ ___: genetic; affects children; initially nyctalopia; complaining of peripheral vision loss; tunnel vision; stumbling
retinitis pigmentosa
___ ___: thrombosis of retinal a; transient recurrent blurred vision
Amaurosis fugax
indications of slow, central loss
nuclear cataract
macular degeneration
open angle glaucoma
VIPPRION
vitals inspection percussion palpation instrumentation ROM orthopedic neurologic
indications of contfrontation
glaucoma
retinitis pigmentosus
20/20
you can see what the average person sees at 20ft at 20ft
__ ___: assess visual acuity; compares pt to normal population vision
snellen chart
3 Cs of accommodation
constriction
convergence
convexity
indications of cardinal field of gase and accomodation
CN III, IV, VI lesion or lesion to eye muscle
positive findings of confrontation
scotoma
diminished peripheral vision
_____: blind spot
scotoma
indications of confrontation
CN II problems
retinal problem
positive findings of pupillary light reflex
pupil fails to constrict
indication of pupillary light reflex
CN II lesion
CN III lesion
edinger-westphal nucleus
if accomodation is fine in the pupillary light reflex = damage to…
edinger westphal nucleus
____ ____ pupil = bacterial infection from spirokeet; STD - syphillys; tabis dorsalis;endocarditis;
argyle-robertsen
positive findings of ophthalmoscopic exam
opacity hemorrhages AV nicking papilledema increased cup/disc ratio
ophthalmoscopic exam indications
- opacity =
- hemorrhages/nicking =
- papilledema =
- increased cup/disc ratio =
cataracts
retinopathy
increased intracranial pressure
glaucoma
___ ___: autoimmune; secondary to lupus; antibodies affecting lacrimal and affecting decreased tears; dry gritty eyes
sjogrens
___ - inward turning eyelid
entropion
___ - outward turning eyelid
ectropion
___ - infection in gland
sty
____ - infection of eyelid
blepharitis
___ - cyst involving meibomium gland
chalazion
___ - plaque along nasal border; associated with lipid disorders; inflammation of lacrimal sacs
xanthelasma
____ - eyes misaligned
strabismus
___- lip droop
ptosis
___: rhythmic oscillation of the eye; related to labyrinth disorders, cerebellar disorders
nystagmus
___ - early conjunctival degeneration
pinguecula
___ - conjunctival degeneration following presence of pinguecula
pterygium
corneal arcus may indicate _____
hyperlipidemia
___ ___ ___: bluish green ring around eye; poisoned water
kaiser Fleischer ring
___ ___: look through aperature of iris - should be orange/beige color
red reflex
no red reflex = ____
cataracts
fixed ___ - pupillary constriction
miosis
fixed ___ - pupillary dilation
mydriasis
___ - unequal pupils
anisocoria
PERRLA
pupils equal
round
reactive to light
accommodation
2 reactions to the pupillary light reflex
direct
consensual
near reaction of pupillary light reflex
convergence of eyes when shifting gaze from far to near
___: seeing double
diplopia
___: nearsighted
myopia
____: farsighted
hyperopia
___: diminished near focus with age
presbyopia
___ ____: neovascularization; microaneurysms; hard exudates; hemorrhage; cotton wool patches
diabetic retinopathy
___ ___: flame hemorrhage; hard exudates; papilloedema; cotton wool spots
hypertension retinopathy
___: optic disc swelling due to intracranial pressure; seconds long graying out, flickering, or blurred or double vision
papilledema
___ ___: due to age; thinning, atrophy, bleeding of macula; leading cause of blindness; loss of central vision
macular degeneration
___: abnormal cup to disc ratio
glaucoma
