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Community and Public Health > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q
  • are used to measure the body’s basic functions.
  • measurements taken to help assess the general physical health of a person, give clues to possible diseases, and show progress toward recovery.
  • important indicators of the body’s response to physical, environmental, and psychological stressors.
A

Vital Signs

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2
Q

Four main vital signs

A

Body Temperature
Blood Pressure
Pulse
Breathing rate

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3
Q

average of normal body temperatures

A

37 degrees C

98.6 degrees F

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4
Q

Body temperature is usually lowest in the-

A

early morning

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5
Q

Body temperature is highest in the-

A

late afternoon

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6
Q

Normal body temperature changes by as much as-

A

0.6 degrees C

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7
Q

instrument in measuring body temperature

A

thermometer

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8
Q

Body temperature can also be measured by a special thermometer inserted into the-

A

ear canal

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9
Q

Any temperature that is higher than a person’s average body temperature

A

hyperthermia

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10
Q

elevation is called fever and the patient is said to be

A

febrile

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11
Q

A drop in normal body temperature

A

hypothermia

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12
Q

Four sites in the measurement of body temperature

A

mouth
axilla
ear
rectum

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13
Q

acceptable in awake, adult patients

A

mouth

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14
Q

acceptable for neonates and small children

A

axilla

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15
Q

acceptable for both children and adults

A

ear

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16
Q

for infants and children

A

rectum

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17
Q

Placed under tongue in either pocket just off-center in lower jaw.

A

Oral Temperature

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18
Q

Proper technique is essential
Child – pull ear down and back
Fast, easy to use, and preferred in pediatric offices

A

Tympanic temperature

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19
Q

standard precaution of rectal temperature

A

gloves

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20
Q

is the measurement of the pressure or force of blood against the walls of your arteries.

A

Blood Pressure

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21
Q

unit of blood pressure

A

mmHg

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22
Q

Three factors that control the Blood Pressure:

A

Heart
Blood
Vessels

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23
Q

increase heart rate/strength:

decrease heart rate/strength:

A

increase BP

decrease BP

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24
Q

excessive fluid

loss of fluids

A

increase BP

decrease BP

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25
Q

vessel constriction

vessel dilation

A

increase BP

decrease BP

26
Q
  • The first number
  • measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and pushes blood out to the body.
  • left ventricles contract
A

systolic pressure

27
Q
  • second number
  • measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats
  • heart relaxes
A

diastolic pressure

28
Q

Normal BP for adults

A

90-140 systolic

60-90 diastolic

29
Q

Normal BP for children (1-8 y.o.)

A

80-110 systolic

60-90 diastolic

30
Q

Normal BP for infants (1-12 mo.)

A

70-95 systolic

60-90 diastolic

31
Q

Normal BP for neonates (1-28 days)

A

> 60 systolic

60-90 diastolic

32
Q

is the term for increase in the force of ventricular contraction.

A

Hypertension

33
Q
  • is the term with blood pressure less than 90/60 mm Hg. - Results to low blood volume.
A

Hypotension

34
Q

occurs when there is inadequate circulation; oxygen delivery to the tissue is impaired.

A

Tissue hypoxia

35
Q

Instruments used in Blood pressure

A

mercury sphygmomanometer
aneroid sphygmomanometer
electronic sphygmomanometer

36
Q

tells how fast the heart is beating per minute

A

Pulse rate

37
Q

pulse is lower when you are at-

A

rest

38
Q

pulse rate increases during-

A

exercise

39
Q

normal pulse rate for healthy adults

A

60-90 beats per minute

40
Q

Four common site for evaluation of the Pulse Rate

A

radial artery
brachial artery
femoral artery
carotid artery

41
Q

most common pulse point

A

radial artery

42
Q

are usually used when the blood pressure of the patient is abnormally low.

A

femoral and carotid artery

43
Q

above 100 indicate hypoxemia, anxiety, stress

A

Tachycardia

44
Q

below 60 indicate heart failure, shock, code of emergency

A

Bradycardia

45
Q

A faster than average pulse can indicate such health problems as:

A

infection, dehydration, stress, anxiety, a thyroid disorder, shock, anemia, or certain heart conditions

46
Q

A lower than average pulse may also be a sign of a:

A

heart condition

47
Q

Normal pulse rate for adults

A

60-100

48
Q

Normal pulse rate for children

A

80-100

49
Q

Normal pulse rate for infants

A

100-120

50
Q

Normal pulse rate for neonates

A

120-160

51
Q

A normal respiratory rate is termed:

A

eupnea

52
Q

An increased respiratory rate is termed:

over 120 beats/min

A

tachypnea

53
Q

A lower than normal respiratory rate is termed:

less than 8 beats/min

A

bradypnea

54
Q

is shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing.

A

dyspnea

55
Q

Normal RR for adults

A

12-20

56
Q

Normal RR for children

A

15-30

57
Q

Normal RR for infants

A

25-50

58
Q

Normal RR for neonates

A

40-60

59
Q

instrument for RR

A

stethoscope

60
Q

Importance of vital signs

A

The main purpose of recording these signs of an individual is basically to establish a baseline on admission to a clinic hospital, or probably an encounter with a health care provider.

vital sign measurement has proven to be useful for detecting serious diseases

Vital signs are useful in detecting or monitoring medical problems.

They determine which treatment protocols to follow, provide critical information needed to make life-saving decisions, and confirm feedback on treatments performed.

Monitoring your own vital signs may also help yourdoctor determine how effectively your medication is working.

Community and Public Health (5 decks)

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