Prelim Flashcards
Romans in 5th and 6th century
community minded
improved Greeks’ community sanitation
built sewer systems and aqueducts to transport water
created regulations for building construction, refuse removal, street cleaning and repair
created hospitals for slaves
a process through which communities are helped to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and in other ways developed and impliment strategies for reaching their goals.
Community Organizing
Community Organizing is the process whereby the community members:
develop the capability to assess their health needs and problems
plan and implement actions to solve these problems
put up and sustain organizational structures which will support and monitor implementation of health initiatives by the people
community members have to identify specific health problems, concerned groups and organizations to work with, and the counterpart of the community in terms of support, commitment and human resources
Area Selection
1965
Medicare and medical bills passed
2000
healthy people 2010 published
identification of contact person usually a community leader, regardless of social or political status, core group formation to assist the____________
community profiling
Preparatory Phase includes:
Area Selection
Community Profiling
Entry in the Community and Integration with the People
process of living with the people, understanding their problems, undergoing their hardships, and sharing their hopes and aspirations to help build mutual trust and cooperation
Integration
Organization Phase includes:
Social Preparation
Spotting and developing potential leaders
Core group formation
Setting up of the community organization
Integration paves the way to be introduced to the community. This signals the start of the social preparation phase that would deepen and strengthen ties with the people
Social Preparation
General Phases of Community Organizing
Preparatory Phase Organizational Phase Educational and Training Phase Intersectoral Collaboration Phase Phase Out
consists of the identified leaders tasked to lay down the foundation for a strong people’s organization; ideally, it should represent the different sectors in the community
core group
Educational and Training Phase includes
To conduct the community diagnosis done to come up programs and services that will be delivered to the community
Training of the community health workers
Health services Provision and Mobilization should consider the resources available and problem prioritization while strengthening collective spirit and enhancing the community health worker’s confidence
aim of Intersectoral Collaboration Phase
to get people to work together in order to address problems or concerns that affect them
purpose of Educational Training Phase
to strengthen the organization and develop its capability to attend to the community’s basic health care needs
1974 - present
period of health promotion
1997
Clinton’s attempt at national healthcare program unsuccessful
a relationship among organizations that consists of exchanging information about each other’s goals and objectives, services or facilities. This results in the organization’s becoming aware of each other’s worth and capabilities and how each can contribute to the accomplishment of the network’s goals and objectives
Networking
the level of organizational partnership in which organizations help each other enhance their capacities in performing their tasks, as well as in the provision of services.
At this point, people become partners, not competitors
Collaboration
500 - 1500 AD
Middle Ages
is an overview of the demographic characteristics and the existing community and health-related services and facilities; this will serve as the initial database and provide the basis for planning and programming of organizing activities, including appropriate organizing approaches
community profile
Level of relationship where organizations and citizens form a partnership where all parties give priority to the good of the community
Coalition or Multi sector Collaboration
deals with allowing the community leaders to conduct such activities as meetings, assessment, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation
Leadership Formation activities
Advocacy work involves:
Informing the people about the rightness of the cause
Thorough discussing with the people the nature of the alternatives, their content, and possible consequences
Supporting the people’s right to make a choice and to act on their choice
Influencing public opinion
a relationship in which organizations share information and resources and make adjustments in the respective agendas to accommodate the other organization’s agenda
Cooperation
Turnover of the work and develop a plan for monitoring the subsequent follow up of the organization’s activities
Phase out
is the purpose of community organizing and the issues, problems, strategies and victories are a means to the end of increased power for the organization and the community
Power
- David Beckwith and Sandy Stocker
Intersectoral Collaboration Phase includes:
Networking Coordination Cooperation Collaboration Coalition or Multi sector Collaboration Advocacy Work
Prior to 2000 BC
Archaeological findings: sewage disposal and written medical prescriptions
500 BC - 500 AD
Classical Cultures
5th and 6th century
Greek men in games of strength and skill swam in public facilities
Greeks practice community sanitation, obtaining water from far away and not just local wells
> Romans
Christians
most significant contribution of Romans to health
created hospitals for slaves
before 500 BC
Ancient Societies
a relationship in which organizations modify their activities in order to provide better service to the target beneficiary
Coordination
AD 476
Fall of Roman Empire
Most public health activities ceased
Circa 1900 BC
Code of Hammurabi: laws of physicians and health practices
Circa 1500 BC
written in Leviticus: guidelines for personal cleanliness and sanitation
time referred to as Spiritual Era of Public Health
Dark Ages
created hospital as benevolent charitable organizations
Christians
Deadly epidemics in middle ages
Plague (black death)
Leprosy
small pox, diptheria, measles, influenza, TB, anthrax and trachoma
Syphillis epideics
date of Leprosy
1200 AD
Dark Ages
growing revulsion for Roman materialism
growth of spirituality
health problems
belief in renaissance and exploration
diseases is cased by environmental, not spiritual factors
Ex. malaria is caused by bad air- humid or swampy air
500-1000 AD
Dark Ages
medicare and medicaid bills passed
1965
1500-1700
Renaissance and Exploration
Renaissance and Exploration
Rebirth of Thinking
Belief that is caused by environmental factors
Observation of ill descriptions of symptoms and outcomes of diseases
Epidemics
Explorers, conquerors, merchants and crews bring disease to colonized or indigenous people
date of Syphillis epidemics
1492 AD
cholera is caused by vapor
______ is the vapor or chemical
Miasmas theory
Miasmas
18th century
Industrial growth Unsafe and unhealthy workplaces Vaccination started American revolution Continuing outbreak Government health agencies created
miasmas theory
Cholera epidemic
the Shettuck’s report in 1850
Modern Era of Public Health
number of people the plague killed
68596 in 1665 in London (15%)
19th century
Advancement in public health Laissez fare approack to health problem Cholera epidemic - miasmas theory Modern Era of Public Health - the Shettuck's Report in 1850 Theory of spontaneous generation Bacteriological period of public health
recognition of symptoms:
whooping couch
typhus
scarlet fever
Malaria
20th Century
reform phase 1920's great depression and world war ii period of social engineering period of health promotion
proposed the Germ theory
disproved spontaneous generation
Louis Pasteur
1900 - 1920
reform phase
1960 - 1973
Period of Social Engineering
1974
Present (Period of Health Promotion)
Nixon’s national health care program unsuccessful
1974
1900s, 2000’s to present
Period of SOcial Engineering
Medicare and medical bills passed
Period of Health Promotion
Nixon’s national health care program unsuccessful
A new perspective of the Health of Canadians published
1976
Health information and Health promotion act passed
1979
Healthy people published
demonstrated anthrax bacillus
Robert Koch
1980
Promoting health/Preventing disease Objectives of the Nation published
who demonstrated vaccination?
Dr. Edward Jenner
1796
protection against smallpox
Father of modern era of Public health
Lemuel Shuttuck
marks the beginning of modern era
Health Education
Shuttuck’s Report
One broad definition which incorporates all the different forms of community is a “group or network of persons who are connected(objectively) to each other by:
relatively durable social relations and extended beyond immediate genealogical ties, and who mutually define that relationship (subjectively) is important to their social identity and social practice.
1990
Healthy People 2000 published
1960 - 1974
Period of Social Engineering
an obstacle to progress
Theory of spontaneous generation
Bacteriological period of public health
Louis Pasteur, France 1862
Robert Kock, Germany 1876
