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PD Block 1 > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Pulse rhythm

A

The regularity of the pulse. Regularly irregular or irregularly regular

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2
Q

Stroke volume

A

The amount of blood ejected from the ventricles during each contraction

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3
Q

Cardiac output

A

SV * HR

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4
Q

Tachypnea

A

Increased RR >20

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5
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing

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6
Q

Hyponea

A

Abnormal shallow breathing

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7
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Increased rate and depth of breathing

Regardless of pts subjective opinion

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8
Q

BP

A

Force exerted on the walls of the artery as a bolus of blood passes through

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9
Q

Paradoxical breathing

A

Lung deflates during inspiration and inflates during expiration. Pneumothorax

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10
Q

Normal adult pulse rate

A

60-90bpm

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11
Q

5 places temp can be taken

A
  1. Oral
  2. Rectal
  3. Tympanic
  4. Axillary
  5. Forehead
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12
Q

Normal rectal temp

A

99.6

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13
Q

Normal oral temp

A

98.6

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14
Q

Normal tympanic temp

A

99.6

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15
Q

Normal axillary temp

A

97.6

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16
Q

Pulse deficit

A

The difference in radial and apical pulse. If a difference occurs could be indicative of cardiac output issue

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17
Q

Pulse rate

A

of cardiac contractions in one minute

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18
Q

Korotkoff sound

A

Low pitched sound caused by blood turbulence in artery(when pressure is applied)

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19
Q

Auscultatory gap

A

The period of silence during blood pressure reading. Usually about a 10-15mm Hg gap. If not accounted for the systolic pressure may be under estimated or diastolic pressure over estimated

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20
Q

Kussmaul

A

Deep labored rapid breathing. Type of hyperpnea

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21
Q

What is kussmaul breathing indicative of?

A

Metabolic acidosis. Diabetic patients

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22
Q

Factors affecting BP

A
  1. Hypo/hypertensive mess
  2. White coat syndrome
  3. Peripheral resistance
  4. Fever
  5. Weight
  6. Sedentary lifestyle/active
  7. Pain
  8. Caffeine/drugs
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23
Q

4 main vital signs

A

BP
HR
Temp
RR

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24
Q

What is the 5th vital sign

A

Pain, subjective

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25
Heat production and heat loss is controlled by?
The hypothalamus
26
Fahrenheit to Celsius
(F-32) x 5/9
27
Factors affecting temperature (5)
``` Metabolic processes Infectious processes Environmental factors Ingestion of exogenous substances Body heat loss (radiation conduction vaporization) ```
28
Normal respiratory rate
12-20 per min
29
What 4 parameters do you assess with respiration?
Rate Pattern Depth Signs of distress
30
Factors affecting RR (3)
Activity External temp Emotions
31
Diaphragmatic/abdominal breathing
Diaphragm contracts with significant abdominal movement (deep breathing)
32
Thoracic respiration
Intercostal muscles are mainly used. Chest movement only
33
Apnea
Absence of respirations
34
Hyperventilation
Deep and rapid breathing >20 per min
35
Cheyne-stokes respirations
Periodic breathing Increasing and decreasing periods of rate and depth Periods of apnea
36
Who typically presents with Cheyne-stokes?
Pts with brain damage or drug induced respiratory compromise
37
Pulse amplitude
Force with which blood moves through the artery Scale of 0-4+ 4+ would be aneurysm
38
Pulse pressure
The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Usually between 30 and 50 mmHg
39
Factors affecting pulse (5)
``` Heart health Activity level Emotions Neurologic status Drugs/caffeine ```
40
Tachycardia
100 BPM
41
Bradycardia
Less than 60 BPM
42
Systole
Ventricles are maximum contraction
43
Systolic pressure
Max pressure on artery during ventricular contraction
44
Diastole
Ventricles at Max relaxation
45
Diastolic pressure
Pressure exerted by blood consistently between each contraction
46
Procedure for finding ascultatory gap
1. Palate radial artery 2. Inflate BP cuff until pulse no longer felt 3. Deflate cuff wait 30 secs 4. Inflate BP cuff 20 to 30 mmHg above palpable radial pulse
47
Orthostatic BP
Changes in BP and heart rate when the patient moves from supine to upright position. A drop of more than 20 mmHg in systolic pressure or HR increase greater than 20
48
What does Orthostatic suggest?
Volume depletion
49
Steps in taking an orthostatic blood pressure
1. Patient supine for 5 to 10 minutes 2. Take BP and HR 3. Have pt stand 4. Wait 1 min, repeat BP and HR
50
How do you measure height
Have patient remove shoes
51
How to take weight
Have patient remove shoes and as many clothes as possible. Body habitus is linked to many chronic diseases
52
What should be documented with pain?
Quality, character, severity, frequency, duration of, location
53
How does the body cool
Through vasodilation which increases blood circulation and increases heat loss through the skin via perspiration
54
How does the body heat
Generates heat by shivering and by vasoconstriction which produces heat loss
55
Hypothermia
The body loses heat faster than it can produce it. Temperature less than 95°
56
Hyperthermia
The body produces or absorbs more heat than it can get rid of
57
Pulsus paradoxus
Exaggerated decrease in amplitude (and systolic pressure) during inspiration and an increased amplitude during expiration
58
Apical pulse
Pulse found by using stethoscope and listening to apex of heart. Listening for s1 and s2 sounds
59
S1
"Lub" sound when mitral and tricuspid valves close as ventricles fill
60
S2
"Dub" sound heard after blood is ejected from ventricles and aortic and pulmonary valves close
61
Physiologic mechanisms of tachycardia
Electrical abnormality in the heart that produces a rapid electrical signal
62
physiologic mechanism of bradycardia
Electrical abnormality (SA node) that disrupts the normal electrical signal. Heart rate slows
63
What to ask patients regarding their pain (4)
1. Presence (onset) 2. Intensity (does it come and go) 3. Character of pain 4. Location
64
Acute pain presents as (7)
1. Grunting 2. Groaning 3. Bent over 4. Clutching 5. Increased HR and BP 6. Dry Mouth 7. Dilated pupils
65
Non-verbal pain cues
1. groans 2. facial grimaces/teeth clenching 3. bracing 4. restlessness 5. rubbing affected area 6.
66
Acute pain (def)
Short duration with sudden onset (associated with surgery, illness, injury)
67
Chronic pain
Persistant, lasts months or longer
68
Neuropathic pain
Long-term pain associated with damage or dysfunction of the CNS or PNS. Central neuropathic pain=cns (phantom limb) Peripheral neuropathic pain=pns (neuropathy)
69
Nociceptive pain
Pain detected by specialized peripheral nerves called nociceptors. Send chemical signals to the brain to indicate stimuli (i.e. stepping on a nail, burning your hand)
70
2 types of nociceptive pain
1. Somatic | 2. Visceral
71
Somatic nociceptive pain
Injury to Joints, bones, muscle, CT. Pain is sharp, dull or aching and is associated with sprains, strains. Superficial pain is sharp. Deep pain is dull.
72
Visceral nociceptive pain
Pain is diffuse, difficult to locate deep, and dull. Associated with deep tissue and internal organs. Caused by infections, ischemia, stretching (pregnancy)
73
Nociceptors
Free nerve endings that transmit pain from site of injury to brain

PD Block 1 (7 decks)

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