HENT Flashcards
Where are the turbinates found
In the nasopharynx
What should you look for during hair inspection
- texture
- color
- distribution
What should you look for during external ear inspection
- Shape, symmetry of the auricles
- External auditory discharge
- Mastoid area, no redness
How do you check for position of auricle on kids
Draw an imaginary line between the inner canthus and the protuberance of the occiput. Should be no more than 10 degree lateral-postero angle
Auricle inspection
Should be firm with good recoil, non-tender
What direction do you pull the ear for otoscopy
Up and back
What should you look for during internal ear inspection
- discharge
- erythema
- cerumen
- foreign bodies
What should TM look like
Pearly gray
should see umbo, malleus, cone of light
2 types of hearing loss
- Conductive hearing loss
2. Sensorineural hearing loss
Conductive hearing loss
Sound is transformed due to wax, or infections
Sensorineural hearing loss
Due to damage/disease of CN VIII
How to you test for hearing
- Whisper test
2. Weber/Rinne test
What is the Weber test
Test for hearing, use tuning fork and place on top of head.
What is the Rinne test
Use tuning fork and place on mastoid, then hold up to ear.
Pt should be able to hear longer in front of the ear
What ear does the pt hear better in if it lateralizes in the weber test
The affected ear (Conductive loss). If it is sensorineural loss the patient will ear it in the opposite ear
If sound is heard longer with bone conduction what type of hearing loss is it?
Conductive hearing loss
If sound is longer in air conduction of affected ear what type of hearing loss is it
Sensorineural hearing loss
Must be less than 2:1 ratio
What should you look for during external inspection of the nose
- Color should be same as face
- Tip is midline
- Nares oval, symmetric, no discharge
- non-tender
What should you look for during internal inspection of the nose
- Inspect septum
- Free of discharge
- No inflammation of turbinates
Two ways to test the sinuses
- Pushing on the maxillary and frontal sinuses
2. Transilluminate
What to look for on lips
- symmetry
- free of lesions
- vermillion border defined
What to look for on tongue
- moist
- lesions
- Anterior portion rough
- Poster portion papillae
Where are the parotid glands
Inside the cheek
Stensen ducts
Ducts near 2nd molar, upper jaw
Wharton ducts
Ducts on each side of the frenulum
Where are the submandibular glands
Under the tongue
Where are the palpebral fissures
Around the eyes
Where are the Nasolabial fissures
Dimple area, form cheeks
What do you look for during neck inspection
- lymph nodes
- SCM and trapezius should be symmetric
- Note any pulsating carotids
- Palpate thyroid
- Check back of neck along spine
- trachea should be midline
Lymph nodes of the neck
- Pre-auricular
- post-auricular
- tonsillar
- Submandibular
- Submental
- Anterior (superficial) cervical
- Posterior (deep) cervical
- Occipital
- Supraclavicular
What does an abnormal thyroid nodule feel like
Buck shot
should not be fixed, should not be hard, should not be large
Rhinitis
Inflammation the nose
Rhinorrhea
Discharge from the nose
otorrhea
Discharge from the ear
Effusion
giving off a Liquid, light, smell
Bulging of tympanic membrane
Indicative of an infection
Otosclerosis
Hardening of the middle her, disrupts the ability of sound to travel to the inner ear
torticollis
Condition where the head becomes persistently turned to one side. Due to excessive contraction of the SCM.
glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue, swells and gets smooth
pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx
tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils
gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
gingival hyperplasia
Increase in the size of the gums
frontal bossing
Prominent, protruding forehead. Usually identified in children
goiter
abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland
geographic tongue
Papillae appear smooth and usually in patches
strawberry tongue
type of glossitis where the papillae are enlarged, looks like a strawberry
torus palatinus
Boby protrusion on the hard palate
atrophic tongue
Type of glossitis that looks like a smooth glossy tongue, very tender and painful. Papillae atrophy
hairy tongue
Abnormal coating on top of tongue that looks like hair
darwins tubercle
Congenital ear condition which is a thickening or pointing of the helix of the auricle
cauliflower ear
External ear is thickened or deformed due to repeated blows. Wrestlers or boxers
presbycusis
Age related hearing loss, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
