Ophthalmologic Examination

Question 1

Bulbar conjunctiva

Answer 1

Conjunctiva that covers the outer surface of the eye

Question 2

Palpebral conjunctiva

Answer 2

Conjunctiva that coats the inside of the eyelids. Must pull down to see

Question 3

Where is lacrimal gland located

Answer 3

On the upper eyelid, just under brow

Question 4

Superior rectus muscle

Answer 4

Up and out

Question 5

Inferior rectus muscle

Answer 5

Down and away

Question 6

Medial rectus muscle

Answer 6

Inward

Question 7

Lateral rectus muscle

Answer 7

outward

Question 8

LR6SO4

Answer 8

Lateral rectus=CN 6

Superior oblique=CN 4

Question 9

Which eye muscles are controlled by CN III?

Answer 9

Everything except lateral rectus and superior oblique

Question 10

Lid lag

Answer 10

when the pt looks down and the eyelid does not go with. usually will see a big part of the sclera. indicative of hyperthyroidism

Question 11

Inferior oblique muscle

Answer 11

up and in

Question 12

Superior oblique muscle

Answer 12

Down and in

Question 13

Macula

Answer 13

Site of central vision

Question 14

Proptosis

Answer 14

Protrusion of the eyeball. Exophthalmos means the same thing

Question 15

Legal blindness

Answer 15

20/200. Pt can see at 20’ what a normal person sees at 200. Correctable up to 20/200

Question 16

Visual impairment

Answer 16

Reduction in vision that cannot be corrected with standard lenses

Question 17

exophthalmos

Answer 17

Protrusion of the eyeball.

Question 18

nystagmus

Answer 18

involuntary eye movement (twitching)

Question 19

strabismus

Answer 19

Eye misalignment. Intermittent or continues

Question 20

emmetropia

Answer 20

Normal vision

Question 21

myopia

Answer 21

Nearsightedness. Image is focused in front of retina. Cant seen things far away

Question 22

diplopia

Answer 22

double vision

Question 23

hyperopia

Answer 23

Farsightedness. Image is focused behind retina. Cant see things up close

Question 24

astigmatism

Answer 24

Blurred vision due to irregular corneal shape or the curve of the lens

Question 25

presbyopia

Answer 25

Old eyes. Lens loses ability to focus. Cant see up close

Question 26

mydriasis

Answer 26

Dilation of the pupil, usually caused by disease, drugs or trauma

Question 27

miosis

Answer 27

Constriction of the pupils

Question 28

anisocoria

Answer 28

One pupil is more dilated than the other

Question 29

ptosis

Answer 29

Drooping of the eyelids

Question 30

Exotropia

Answer 30

Strabismus where the eye tracks out

Question 31

Esotropia

Answer 31

Strabismus where the eye tracks in

Question 32

What do you use to test visual acuity? (AKA direct central vision)

Answer 32

Rosenbaum chart | OD, OS, OU

Question 33

How do you test peripheral vision

Answer 33

``` Confrontation. Wiggling fingers Pt covers R eye, I cover R eye wiggle fingers at 12 and 6 o'clock wiggle fingers at 10 and 8 o'clock I switch and cover L eye wiggle fingers at 2 and 4 o'clock ```

Question 34

How do you test for pupil dilation

Answer 34

Consensually and directly | Shine light in eye, look for constriction. Remove, shine light in in eye again, look for constriction in opposite eye

Question 35

Consensual pupil constriction

Answer 35

When opposite eye constricts

Question 36

How do you test for anterior chamber depth

Answer 36

shine light tangentially from side of eye. If entire iris color is seen chamber depth is adequate

Question 37

How do you test for glaucoma

Answer 37

push on the eyes with eyelids shut

Question 38

What does accommodation test for

Answer 38

Pupil constriction

Question 39

How do you do accommodation test?

Answer 39

Have pt focus on an object in the distance. Bring pen in close have them refocus on it. pupils should constrict

Question 40

How do you test for EOMS

Answer 40

6 cardinal directions

Question 41

What do you look for with EOMS

Answer 41

nystagmus, lid lag, conjugate gaze

Question 42

How do you test for strabismus

Answer 42

1. Corneal light reflex 2. Cover-uncover test Pt stares straight ahead, cover one eye, remove and watch for eye movement as pt focuses on object in distance

Question 43

How do you test for color vision

Answer 43

Use a color plate and ask the patient to pick out primary colors

Question 44

diopter setting

Answer 44

wheel on side of opthalmoscope. Allows for focusing

Question 45

polarizing filter

Answer 45

reduces glare during exam

Question 46

cobalt blue light

Answer 46

Used with fluorescein dye. Lesions and abrasions

Question 47

What degree should you approach the pt at for ophthalmoscopy

Answer 47

10-15 degrees

Question 48

What should you see in retina during ophthalmoscopy

Answer 48

optic disc, arteries, veins, optic cup fovea/macula

Question 49

What will you see in a diabetic patient

Answer 49

Increase in vascularity near the macula, hemorrhage, or yellow cotton wool spots, micro -aneurysms, hard exudates

Question 50

What will you see in a hypertensive patient

Answer 50

Cotton wool spots, yellow areas

Question 51

What will you see in a pt with thyroid disease

Answer 51

Proptosis eyeballs, lid lag, startled expression

Question 52

What will you see in a pt with hypercholesteremia

Answer 52

Yellow deposits on eyelids or light toned fatty deposits on the cornea