vital signs Flashcards
1
Q
when should you take vitals? (4)
A
- when brought to dep
- before e and after meds (or preprocedural)
- general condition change
- non specific distress symptoms
2
Q
what are the 3 properties of taking vitals
A
quick, objective, non-invasive
3
Q
what is taken as a part of vitals
A
body temperature
pulse
respiration
4
Q
what is the fourth unofficial vital
A
blood presure
5
Q
what response can be considered a vital
A
pain
6
Q
a fluctuation of just __ temp can affect physiology
A
2-3 deg c
7
Q
what performs thermoregulation
A
the hypothalamus
8
Q
what are 2 major modes of heat loss
A
diaphoresis
peripheral vasodilation
9
Q
normal body temp is what
A
37deg c
10
Q
infant age and body temp
A
3mo-3y 37.2 - 37.61
11
Q
child age and body temp
A
5-13 years 36.56 - 37
12
Q
what is hypothermia
A
body temp below normal limits
13
Q
how can hypothermia be induced
A
medically
injury to hypothalamus
14
Q
why is hypothermia bad
A
reduces need for O2, cardiopulmonary system slows down
15
Q
hyperthermia, aka
A
fever
pyrexia
16
Q
___ means having or showing symptoms of afever
A
febrile
17
Q
fever is usually due to
A
disease process
18
Q
fever is bad because
A
bad for processes
demands more O2
19
Q
oral temp
A
under tongue
adults and cooperative children
37 deg O
20
Q
axillary temp
A
armpit
especially infants
36.4 - 36.7 Ax
21
Q
rectal temp
A
anal opening
only on infants usually
37.5C R
22
Q
tympanic (aural) temp
A
ear
fast and easy
36.4 C T
23
Q
what can be used to monitor temp
A
temp sensitive patches on abdomen or forehead
24
Q
what is X C TAT
A
temporal artery thermometers
** 1 deg higher
25
pulse reflects
repidity of heart contractions
26
normal pulse adult
60-90 BPM
27
normal pulse child
3-13 90-100 BPM
28
normal pulse infant
120 BPM
29
what is an apical pulse
listening to the heart directly and counting
30
(t/f) apical pulse can be lower than the radial pulse
false, never
31
where is apical pulse taken
5th intercostal space, 3-4 inches lateral to left sternal margin
32
how long do you take apical pulse for
1min
33
how long take radial pulse
1 min
34
what is the most convenient pulse to take on an adult
radial
35
brachial pulse is where
antecubital fossa, just above elbow
36
where is carotid pulse
angle of mandible over carotid artery
37
when is carotid pulse used
in CPR typically
38
where is femoral pulse
over femoral artery in groin
39
where is popliteal pulse
what is it used for
behind knee
trauma assessments
40
where is temporal pulse
over temporal artery, in front of ear
41
where is the dorsalis pedis pulse
top of foot, in line with 1/2nd groove
42
where is the posterior tibial pulse
medial aspect of ankles
43
who has lower heart rates
fit individuals
hypothermic
44
what is the most accurate pulse for infants
apical
45
what are you assessing about pulse
BPM!
strength and regularity
46
tachycardia is
>100bpm
47
bradycardia is
<60 bpm
48
what is electrocardiography
process of producing an electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
49
what is and ECG
recording of the hearts electrical activity
50
ECG measures the electrical charges from
depolarization an drepolarization
51
what type of abnormality is atrial fibrillation
cardiac rhythm isturbance
52
myocardial ischemia and infarction are what type of abnormality
inadequate coronary artery bloodlfow
53
the baseline of an ECG is called
the isoelectric line
54
isoelectric line represents what
membrane resting potentials
55
what are the chances on an ECG
deflections
56
what does the p wave represents
depolarization of atria
57
P wave what happens
SA node fires
atrial contraction begins at peak
58
what does QRS complex represent
depolarization of ventricles
59
QRS what happens
contraction commences at peak of R
S return to baseline
60
what does the T wave represent
ventricles repolarizing
61
what is the U wave
**sometimes seen
represents the repolarization of the papillary muscles and purkinje fibers
62
how to determine reg or irreg rhythm on an ECG
interval between peak QRS
63
what is a stemi
associated with what
ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
atheroscleorsis
64
what is the goal of physician activated system STEMI notification system
reduce door to balloon (angioplasty) time
65
what is respiration
the action of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide while breathing
66
normal resp adults
12 - 20 bm
67
normal resp child
20 - 30 bm
68
newborn resp
30-60 bm
69
respiration under 10/min in adults can result in
cyanosis
apprehension
restlessness
change in loc
70
respirations should be
quiet, effortless, and uniform
71
what are we assessing about respiration
rate
pattern
depth
72
pattern of respiration can be
regular or irregular
73
depth of respiration can be
shallow, normal, or deep
74
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
presents as SOB
75
tachypnea
RR > 20 bm
exercise, fever, pain, heart failure, trauma, CNS pathology
76
bradypnea
abnormal decrease in RR
less common than tachypnea
77
bradypnea results from what
depression of respiratory centre
drug overdoses, head trauma, hypothermia
78
orthopnea
difficulty breathing unless sitting/standing erect
79
apnea
absence of spontaneous ventilation
80
stridor
creaking, whistling, graitng
caused by narrowing or obstruction of airway
81
pressure is the product of
flow and resistance
82
what is PVR
peripheral vascular resistance
resistance of the circulatory system that creates BP
83
vasoconstriction ? PVR
raises
84
vasodilation ? PVR
lowers
85
PVR is mediated on a __ level
neuro-hormonal
86
CO = ?
SV x HR
87
BP is dependant on; (4)
pumping action of heart
blood volume
blood viscosity
elasticity of arterial wall
88
what do beta blockers do to BP
slow hr by blocking effects of adrenaline
lower HR lowers BP
89
how is low BP due to dehydration/hemorrhage treated
IV fluids/ blood products
90
how is BP reduced through BV
diuretics
91
what diuretics are given to reduce BP
hydrochlorothiazide (HTCZ)
lasix
92
what determines the viscosity of blood
number of RBC
93
what blood thiners are given to reduce BP
aspirin
coumadin
heparin
94
what is given to manage BP through elastic of arterial wall
ACE inhibitors
95
what do ACE inhibitors do
blocks production of angiotensin (vasoconstrictor)
96
(males/females) usually have higher BP
males
97
BP is (higher/lower) after a night of good sleep
lower
98
BP is (higher/lower) after a large intake of food
lowers
99
BP is (higher/lower) in times of high emotion
higher
100
what is the numerator of BP
highest point reached during contraction of LV
systolic pressure
101
what is the BP denominator
lowest point pressure drops during relaxation of the ventricles
diastolic pressure
102
what is normal adult BP
systolic: 95-120 mmhg
diastolic: 60-80 mmhg
103
normal child BP
systolic: 104-120 mmhg
diastolic: 60-80 mmhg
104
normal adolescent BP
systolic: 85-130 mmhg
diastolic: 45-85 mmhg
105
what is it called when pt is consistently over 140/90
hypertensive
106
what are the hypertension classifications
mild
moderate
severe
107
what is it called when pt is consistently below 95/60 mmhg
hypotensive
108
what is used to measure BP
sphygmomanometer
109
what are the 2 types of BP readers
mercury manometer
aneroid manometer
110
what is the flat part of the stethoscope listener called
the diaphragm
111
what are the 2 long pieces of the stethoscope called
binaural
112
how should you hold the diaphragm of the stethoscope
fingers around the base of the bell
113
how to measure BP (steps) ()5
- rest for 3-5 mins
- clean stethoscope
- apply cuff; pressure exceeding systolic p by 30-40mmhg
- release until matches
- diastolic reaches when no sounds heard
114
cyanosis
blue tinge due to lack of O2, deoxyhemoglobin buildup
115
what is core cyanosis
mucous membranes, tongue, lips, mouth lining
116
where is peripheral cyanosis
nail beds
117
pallor
absence of colour unhealthy pale appearance
most evident in face and palms
118
diaphoretic
excessive sweating
119
fever
hot and dry skin
120
syncope
cold and clammy
