midterm pharm Flashcards by Melanie B

what do anasthetics do

reversibly depress neuronal function, producing loss of ability to perceive pain

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what are the two types of anasthetics?

general and local

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how can general anasthetics be administered

inhalation or intravenously

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what do general anasthetics do

central nervous system depressants,
resulting in
muscle relaxation and loss of consciousness
used in major
surgical procedures

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what do local anasthetics do

Local anesthetics block nerve conduction from an area of the body to the
CNS

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what can result from overuse of topical anasthetics

excessive absorption of the drug
arrhythmia, seizures, breathing issues

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what is one local anasthetic

xylocaine
aka lidocaine

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what is xylocaine used for

inhibits initiation and conduction of neural impulses

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what are some adverse effects of xylocaine

flushing, itching @ application/injection site
bruising, bleeding, pain, burning or swelling at application site

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name 2 general anesthetics

pentothal, diprivan

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what is pentothal

thiopental sodium
slows CNS activity, causes relaxation

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what are adverse effects of pentothal

bronchospasm, drowsiness, brachycardia

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what is diprivan

propofol
slows CNS, relaxes, sedates

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what is diprivan used for

stopping seizures, reducing dislocation

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what is the trade name of lidocaine

xylocaine

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what is the trade name of thiopental sodium

pentothal

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what s the trade name of propofol

diprivan

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what are analgesics

drugs that relieve pain

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what are the 2 divisions of analgesics

non-opiods (nonnarcotics)
opioids (narcotics)

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what are non-opiod analgesics used for

the treatment of mild to moderate pain
do not cause physiological dependancy

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name 4 non opiod analgesics

Motrin/Advil
Aspirin
Tylenol
Aleve

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what is Motrin/advil

ibuprofen
treat pain, usually related to muscle or neurological condition

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what are adverse effects of Motrin/advil

gastric distress
renal failure
prolonged bleed time

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what is aspirin

acetylsalicylic acid
treat mild pain/fever, arthritis & inflammation, prevent thrombosis

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what are some adverse effects of aspirin

tinnitus nausea GI bleeding

what is tylenol

acetaminophen relieves pain without anti-inflammatory effects

what are some adverse effects of tylenol

liver toxicity hemolytic anemia skin rash

what is aleve

naproxen relieves pain, menstrual cramps, fever, rheumatoid arthritis

what are some adverse effects of a;eve

dizziness headache bruising heartburn

what if the following is not an NSAID: Advil, aspirin, Tylenol, aleve

tylenol

what does NSAID stand for

non steroid anti inflammatory drug

how do NSAIDs work

rescue the amount of prolactin produced (what produced swelling, fever, and pain sensitivity)

name 5 opiods

morphine codeine percocet demerol sublimaze

what is morphine generic name

morphine sulfate

what is codeine generic name

codeine sulfate

what is Percocet generic name

acetaminophen and oxycodone

what is demerol generic name

meperidine

what is sublimaze generic name

fentanyl (citrate)

what are opioids used for

to control severe pain

what are adverse effects of opiods

respiratory depression shock death

what is narcan

naloxone prevents or counteracts respiratory distress

name 2 anti-peristaltic drugs

buscopan, glucagen

what is buscopan generic name

hyoscine butylbromide scopolamine butylbromide

what is glucagen generic name

glucagon

what do anti peristaltics do

blocks acetylcholine,, relaxes smooth muscles

what are antipersitaltics used for

CT/MR enterography, CT colonography, MRI pelvic exams

what adverse effects can antiperistaltics cause

reversible blurred vision and dry mouth

what are the contraindications of antiperistaltics

hist bowel obstruction srrhythmia urinary retention from prostate hypertrophy

what are antispasmotics

relax smooth muscles increases blood glucose levels

what is a contraindication of antispasmodics

diabetes

what do diuretics do

reduces blood volume (by excreting water)

name 2 diuretics

lasix, hydroDIURIL

lasix generic name

furosemide

hydroDIURIL generic name

hydrochlorothiazide

what are diuretics used for

tx hypertension, pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure used in CT urograms

what do adrenergic drugs do

stimulate the sympathetic nervous system

name 2 adrenergic drigs

adrenalin (Cl) intropin

what is adrenalin Cl

epinephrine for cardiac arrest, acute asthma, respiratory arrest

what is intropin

dopamine shock from trauma, myocardial infarction

adverse effects of adrenalin Cl

anxiety insomnia restlessness

adverse effects of intropin

hypotension dyspnea angina

what do vasodilators do

relax vessel wall, permitting greater blood flow

what are vasodilators used to treat

congestive heart failure angina hypertesion

name one vasodilator

nitroglycerin

what do anticoagulants do

inhibit clotting

what are anticoagulants used for

surgical and imaging procedures to prevent thrombus formation IV lines and catheters kept open

how are anticoagulants administered

orally or parenterally

name 2 anticoagulents

heparin, coumadin

what is heparin

heparin sodium inhibits fribrin clots, maintain IV catheter potency

adverse of heparin

hemorrhage thrombocytopenia

what is coumadin

warfarin prevents emboli (travelling thrombus)

adverse of coumadin

hemorrhage hematuria

what do antihistamines do

bind to the histamine receptors, blocking a reaction

what is benadryl

diphenhydramine treats acute uticaria and edema also motion sickness and nausea

adverse of benadryl

drwsiness dizziness dry mouth nausea