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3016 Patient Management > pharmacology and medication administration > Flashcards

pharmacology and medication administration Flashcards

1
Q

what is pharmacology

A

the study of drug actions and interactions

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2
Q

what is a drug

A

a chemical agent that produced a physiologic or biologic effect in an organism

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3
Q

explain the difference between a drug and medication

A

medications are all drugs
not all drugs are therapeutic, therefore not a medication

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4
Q

is the radiographer licensed to administer drugs?

A

yes, under medical directive
must document

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5
Q

what is a STANDING order

A

writen directions for specific medication or exam
(part of policies and procedures)

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6
Q

what is STAT

A

drugs to be administered immediately

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7
Q

what is PRN

A

pro re nata
drug administered as neccessary

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8
Q

what do you need to do when receiving a verbal order

A

document and sign

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9
Q

what are OTC drugs

A

over the counter
safe for self-administration

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10
Q

should alternative medicines be included in the drug history

A

yes!

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11
Q

what must happen if a radiographer makes a drug error

A

completely documented
must complete institutional incident reprt

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12
Q

what are the 3 names that drugs have

A

proprietary/trade name
chemical name
generic name

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13
Q

what is the proprietary or trade name

A

assigned to the drug by the manufacturer
(brand name)

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14
Q

what is the chemical name

A

the exact chemical formula
always stays the same

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15
Q

what is the generic name

A

given to a drug before official approval
must be known to administer

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16
Q

what are pharmacokinetics

A

the study of how a drug is absorbed into the body, distributed, metabolized, and excreted

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17
Q

what is drug distribution (in the body)

A

how a drug circulates within the body

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18
Q

what is drug metabolism

A

how a drug is changed in the body

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19
Q

what is bioavailability

A

the amount of drug that actually reaches the systemic circulation

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20
Q

what plays the biggest role in bioavailability

A

route of drug administration

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21
Q

what is the first-pass effect

A

the partial metabolism of a drug before it reaches the systemic circulation

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22
Q

which routes of administration avoid the first-pass effect

A

sublingual, vaginal, parenteral
go directly into systemic circulation

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23
Q

what is the pharmaceutic phase

A

drugs administered in solid form must be broken down into tiny particles to be dissolved in fluids

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24
Q

why does patient age effect pharmacokinetics

A

older patients (>65) have a reduction n distribution, metabolism, and excretion
peds have reduced capacity

can change accumulation and extended effect of drugs

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25
Q

what are areas of rapid distribution

A

heart, liver, kidneys, brain

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26
Q

what are areas of slow distribution

A

muscle, skin, fat

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27
Q

what is drug metabolism (or biotransformation)

A

the process of transforming the drug into an inactive form (metabolite) that can be excreted

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28
Q

what is a half life

A

the time is take for one half of the original amount of a drug in the body to be removed

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29
Q

what are the 3 types of adverse effects

A

side effects
toxic effects
allergic effects

30
Q

what are side effects

A

unintended effect

31
Q

what is a toxic effect

A

(related to dose) pharmacological effect is amplified

32
Q

what is an allergic effect

A

caused due to previous exposure to drug or compounds within the drug

33
Q

what are the 2 types of allergic effects

A

immediate and delayed

34
Q

what are immediate allergic effects

A

range from mild to severe
urticaria to anaphylactic

35
Q

what is uticaria

A

hives

36
Q

what is a delayed allergic effect

A

develops hours to days after adminnistration
generally best severe

37
Q

what drugs are common in drug tolerance

A

narcotics and tranquilizers

38
Q

what is: a rapidly diminishing response to successive doses of a drug, rendering it less effective

A

tachyphylaxis

39
Q

what is tachyphylaxis

A

a rapidly diminishing response to successive doses of a drug, rendering it less effective

40
Q

what are the 5 knowledge points for drug administraion

A
  1. drug classifications
  2. safe dosage
  3. safe route of administration
  4. reactions
  5. indications and contraindications
41
Q

what are the 5 rights of drug administration

A

right patient
right drug
right amount and dose
right route
right time

42
Q

what are the (3) drug classifications by action

A

analgesics (pain killers)
anti-hypertensives
anti-inflammatory

43
Q

these are all an example of what?
tablets, capsules, inhalants, solutions, transdermal patches

A

dosage forms

44
Q

what are tablets

A

powdered drugs compressed into a solid

45
Q

what are enteric-coated tablets

A

prevent gastric irritation
prevent drug destruction by stomach acid

46
Q

what are polymer-coated tablets

A

allow sustained release

47
Q

what is a capsule

A

powdered or liquid drug contained within a gelatin capsule

48
Q

what is an inhalant for

A

high concentrations of a drug to be deposited in respiratory mucosa

49
Q

(T/F) inhalants are used for local and systemic effects

A

true

50
Q

what is a suppository

A

shaped for insertion
subsequent dissolving and release

51
Q

how are solutions administered

A

orally or parenterally

52
Q

what are suspensions

A

drugs in small particles are suspended in a liquid carrier

53
Q

(Y/N) are suspensions ever administered intravenously

A

NONONO Never

54
Q

what are the 5 enteral routes of administration

A
  1. oral
  2. sublingual
  3. buccal
  4. rectal
  5. nasogastric
55
Q

what are 4+3 parenteral routes of administration

A
  1. intramuscular
  2. intradermal
  3. subcutaneous
  4. intravenous
  5. intrathecal
  6. intra-arterial
  7. intra-articular
56
Q

when is intradermal administration used

A

used for testing sensitivity to drug or antigen
(0.5 mL or less is used)

57
Q

what is intrathecal administration

A

administration into the spinal canal

58
Q

what angle of needle insertion is used for intramuscular

A

90 degrees

59
Q

what angle of needle insertion is used for subcutaneous

A

45 degrees

60
Q

what angle of needle insertion is used for intravenous

A

25 degrees

61
Q

what angle of needle insertion is used for intradermal

A

10-15 degrees

62
Q

during what part of pregnancy is there the greatest risk for drug-induced developmental defects

A

during the first trimester

63
Q

what is a precaution that may be used for breastfeeding mothers after a study

A

pump and dump x 48 hours

64
Q

(Geriatric Considerations)
cardiac output

A

REDUCES
reduction in absorption and distribution

65
Q

(Geriatric Considerations)
blood flow

A

REDUCES
reduces absorption and dostribution

66
Q

(Geriatric Considerations)
gastro pH

A

INCREASES

67
Q

(Geriatric Considerations)
peristalsis

A

REDUCED
delayed gastric emptying

68
Q

(Geriatric Considerations)
enzyme production

A

REDUCED
decreases metabolism

69
Q

(Geriatric Considerations)
blood flow (hepatic)

A

REDUCES
reduces metabolism

70
Q

(Geriatric Considerations)
blood flow (renal)

A

DECREASES
reduces excretion

71
Q

(Geriatric Considerations)
renal function

A

REDUCES
reduces excretion

72
Q

(Geriatric Considerations)
renal glomerular filtration rate

A

reduces
reduces excretion

3016 Patient Management (7 decks)

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