VITAL SIGNS Flashcards
Body Temperature
97.8°F to 99.1°F
(36.5°C to 37.3°C)
(36.1 - 37.2)
Heart Rate (Pulse)
60 to 100 beats per minute
Respiratory Rate
12 to 20 breaths per minute
Blood Pressure:
Systolic: 90 to 120 mm Hg
Diastolic: 60 to 80 mm Hg
Elevated blood pressure
Systolic: 120 -129
Diastolic: less than 80
High Blood Pressure
(Hypertension stage 1)
Systolic: 130-139
Diastolic: 80-89
High Blood Pressure
(Hypertension Stage 2)
Systolic: 140>
Diastolic: 90 >
Hypertensive Crisis
Systolic: Higher than 180
Diastolic: Higher than 120
Inflate the cuff to
160-180
Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)
Normal Range: 95% to 100%.
RR
Normal Range: 12 to 20 breaths per minute for adults.
Tips for Accuracy in Taking VS:
○ Ensure the patient is relaxed and in a comfortable position.
○ Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for any electronic devices.
○ Use the appropriate cuff size for blood pressure measurement.
○Take multiple readings if the initial results are abnormal, ensuring proper technique
RATIONALE OF TAKING OXYGEN SATURATION (SpO2)
Oxygen saturation (SpO2) measures the percentage of hemoglobin in the blood that is saturated with oxygen. It is an important indicator of respiratory function and overall oxygenation status in the body.
TAKING oxygen saturation rationale
Ensures that sufficient oxygen is being delivered to tissues and organs.
Reason: Oxygen is essential for cellular metabolism and function. Inadequate oxygen levels can lead to tissue hypoxia and organ dysfunction.
RATIONALE ON TAKING OXYGEN SATURATION
Early Detection of Respiratory Issues:
Purpose: Identifies potential respiratory problems early.
Reason: Conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can cause hypoxemia (low blood oxygen levels). Early detection allows for timely intervention.
Normal and Abnormal Values ( OXYGEN SATURATION )
Normal Range: 95% to 100% SpO2.
Mild Hypoxemia: 91% to 94% SpO2.
Moderate Hypoxemia: 86% to 90% SpO2.
Severe Hypoxemia: Below 85% SpO2.
Low level of oxygen in the blood.
HYPOXEMIA
It is a sign of a problem tied to breathing or blood flow
HYPOXEMIA
Mild Hypoxemia
91% to 94% SpO2.
Moderate Hypoxemia
86% to 90% SpO2.
Moderate Hypoxemia
86% to 90% SpO2.
Severe Hypoxemia
Below 85% SpO2.
Increased Respiratory Rate:
Can indicate conditions such as fever, anxiety, asthma, pneumonia, congestive heart failure, or other respiratory or cardiac conditions.
Decreased Respiratory Rate:
Can indicate conditions such as narcotic overdose, head injury, or severe hypothyroidism.
More than 20 breaths per minute in adolescents and adults.
TACHYPNEA ( Abnormally rapid breathing )
Less than 12 breaths per minute
Bradypnea: Abnormally slow breathing
Normal Respiratory Range by AGE
Newborns (0-1 month): 30-60 breaths per minute
Infants (1-12 months): 30-60 breaths per minute
Toddlers (1-2 years): 24-40 breaths per minute
Preschoolers (3-5 years): 22-34 breaths per minute
School-age children (6-12 years): 18-30 breaths per minute
Adolescents (13-18 years): 12-20 breaths per minute
Adults (18+ years): 12-20 breaths per minute
Hypertension or high blood pressure indicates
It is a significant risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases and other health problems.
STAGES OF HYPERTENSION
Normal: Systolic < 120 mmHg and Diastolic < 80 mmHg
Elevated: Systolic 120-129 mmHg and Diastolic < 80 mmHg
Hypertension Stage 1: Systolic 130-139 mmHg or Diastolic 80-89 mmHg
Hypertension Stage 2: Systolic ≥ 140 mmHg or Diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg
Hypertensive Crisis: Systolic > 180 mmHg and/or Diastolic > 120 mmHg (requires immediate medical attention)
