VITAL SIGNS

Question 1

Body Temperature

Answer 1

97.8°F to 99.1°F

(36.5°C to 37.3°C)
(36.1 - 37.2)

Question 2

Heart Rate (Pulse)

Answer 2

60 to 100 beats per minute

Question 3

Respiratory Rate

Answer 3

12 to 20 breaths per minute

Question 4

Blood Pressure:

Answer 4

Systolic: 90 to 120 mm Hg
Diastolic: 60 to 80 mm Hg

Question 5

Elevated blood pressure

Answer 5

Systolic: 120 -129
Diastolic: less than 80

Question 6

High Blood Pressure
(Hypertension stage 1)

Answer 6

Systolic: 130-139
Diastolic: 80-89

Question 7

High Blood Pressure
(Hypertension Stage 2)

Answer 7

Systolic: 140>
Diastolic: 90 >

Question 8

Hypertensive Crisis

Answer 8

Systolic: Higher than 180
Diastolic: Higher than 120

Question 9

Inflate the cuff to

Answer 9

160-180

Question 10

Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)

Answer 10

Normal Range: 95% to 100%.

Question 11

RR

Answer 11

Normal Range: 12 to 20 breaths per minute for adults.

Question 12

Tips for Accuracy in Taking VS:

Answer 12

○ Ensure the patient is relaxed and in a comfortable position.
○ Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for any electronic devices.
○ Use the appropriate cuff size for blood pressure measurement.
○Take multiple readings if the initial results are abnormal, ensuring proper technique

Question 13

RATIONALE OF TAKING OXYGEN SATURATION (SpO2)

Answer 13

Oxygen saturation (SpO2) measures the percentage of hemoglobin in the blood that is saturated with oxygen. It is an important indicator of respiratory function and overall oxygenation status in the body.

Question 14

TAKING oxygen saturation rationale

Answer 14

Ensures that sufficient oxygen is being delivered to tissues and organs.
Reason: Oxygen is essential for cellular metabolism and function. Inadequate oxygen levels can lead to tissue hypoxia and organ dysfunction.

Question 15

RATIONALE ON TAKING OXYGEN SATURATION

Answer 15

Early Detection of Respiratory Issues:
Purpose: Identifies potential respiratory problems early.
Reason: Conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can cause hypoxemia (low blood oxygen levels). Early detection allows for timely intervention.

Question 16

Normal and Abnormal Values ( OXYGEN SATURATION )

Answer 16

Normal Range: 95% to 100% SpO2.
Mild Hypoxemia: 91% to 94% SpO2.
Moderate Hypoxemia: 86% to 90% SpO2.
Severe Hypoxemia: Below 85% SpO2.

Question 17

Low level of oxygen in the blood.

Answer 17

HYPOXEMIA

Question 18

It is a sign of a problem tied to breathing or blood flow

Answer 18

HYPOXEMIA

Question 19

Mild Hypoxemia

Answer 19

91% to 94% SpO2.

Question 20

Moderate Hypoxemia

Answer 20

86% to 90% SpO2.

Question 21

Moderate Hypoxemia

Answer 21

86% to 90% SpO2.

Question 22

Severe Hypoxemia

Answer 22

Below 85% SpO2.

Question 23

Increased Respiratory Rate:

Answer 23

Can indicate conditions such as fever, anxiety, asthma, pneumonia, congestive heart failure, or other respiratory or cardiac conditions.

Question 24

Decreased Respiratory Rate:

Answer 24

Can indicate conditions such as narcotic overdose, head injury, or severe hypothyroidism.

Question 25

More than 20 breaths per minute in adolescents and adults.

Answer 25

TACHYPNEA ( Abnormally rapid breathing )

Question 26

Less than 12 breaths per minute

Answer 26

Bradypnea: Abnormally slow breathing

Question 27

Normal Respiratory Range by AGE

Answer 27

Newborns (0-1 month): 30-60 breaths per minute
Infants (1-12 months): 30-60 breaths per minute
Toddlers (1-2 years): 24-40 breaths per minute
Preschoolers (3-5 years): 22-34 breaths per minute
School-age children (6-12 years): 18-30 breaths per minute
Adolescents (13-18 years): 12-20 breaths per minute
Adults (18+ years): 12-20 breaths per minute

Question 28

Hypertension or high blood pressure indicates

Answer 28

It is a significant risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases and other health problems.

Question 29

STAGES OF HYPERTENSION

Answer 29

Normal: Systolic < 120 mmHg and Diastolic < 80 mmHg

Elevated: Systolic 120-129 mmHg and Diastolic < 80 mmHg

Hypertension Stage 1: Systolic 130-139 mmHg or Diastolic 80-89 mmHg

Hypertension Stage 2: Systolic ≥ 140 mmHg or Diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg

Hypertensive Crisis: Systolic > 180 mmHg and/or Diastolic > 120 mmHg (requires immediate medical attention)