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PT Examination Week 1 And 2 > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Temperature

A

Normal range is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, or 37°C.

36.1°C to 37.2°C.
97°F to 99°F

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2
Q

How long does it take for temperature to return to normal after end of activity?

A

30 minutes

Usually changes 1 to 1.5°C.

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3
Q

Fever

A

38°C or 100.4°F.

Contact physician if it is above 38 degrees Celsius or 103°F

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4
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

Better than 42°C or 107.6°F.

Damage to the brain as possible
It is rare
Upper limit is it by hypothalamus
Can develop a patient with severe infection, but most commonly occur in patients with intracranial hemorrhage is an other CNS lesions or TBI

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5
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Below 95°F or 35°C

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6
Q

Initial inspection for respiratory rate

A

Look at disposition
Distressed, short of breath, noisy Weezy

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7
Q

Respiratory rate

A

Rise and fall of the chest equals one cycle or breath

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8
Q

Normal respiratory rate

A

Adult- 12 to 20 breaths per minute

Infant - 30 to 60
Toddler - 24 to 40
Preschooler - 22 to 34
School-age - 18 to 30
Adolescence - 12 to 16

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9
Q

Respiratory rate technique

A

Hand on shoulder
Focus on shoulder or chest wall and measure the amount of times the chess rises and falls for one minute

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10
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

SPO2
Indirectly measures arterial blood oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood

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11
Q

Pulse oximetry normal

A

95% to 100%

If it is below 90% referral for medical evaluation is advised

There is a percent error of less than plus or minus 2%

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12
Q

Factors that impair accuracy of the pulse oximetry

A

Bright ambient lights on probe
Nail thickness and nail polish
Skin pigmentation
Low peripheral perfusion states
Hypoxemia
Motion artifact
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Anemia

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13
Q

Pulse graded scale

A

0 to 4+

0 indicates no palpable pulse
1 indicates a faint, but detectable pulse
2 is normal
3 is increased or full
4 is bounding pulse

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14
Q

Normal values of heart rate

A

Adults 60 to 100 bpm

Hr is higher for younger children

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15
Q

Prevalence of hypertension, in adults 45 to 54 years old

A

For males is 36.8% and females it’s 32.7%

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16
Q

Awareness of hypertension

A

Only 82%

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17
Q

Normal BP values for adult

A

Systolic- 100 to 120 mmHg
Diastolic- 60 to 80 mmHg
MAP - 72 to105 mmHg

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18
Q

Normal systolic and diastolic

A

Systolic- less than 120
Diastolic - less than 80

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19
Q

Elevated blood pressure

A

Systolic- 120 to 129
Diastolic- less than 80

20
Q

High blood pressure, hypertension, stage one

A

Systolic- 130 to 139
Diastolic 80 to 89

21
Q

High blood pressure hypertension stage two

A

Systolic- 140 or higher
Diastolic - 90 or higher

22
Q

Hypertensive crisis

A

Systolic- higher than 180
Diastolic - higher than 120

23
Q

Children blood pressure categories

A

Normal- less than 120/ less than 80
Elevated- 120/ less than 80 to 129/ less than 80
Stage 1- 130/80 to 139/89
Stage 2- greater than 140/90

24
Q

Normal pulse pressure

A

40 to 60mmHg

25
Q

Hypotension

A

Systolic blood pressure less than 90
Diastolic less than 60
Mean pressure less than 70

This is due to the depletion of blood volume like hemorrhage, or dehydration
Cardiogenic insufficiency
Acute myocardial infarction
Antihypertensive medication

26
Q

Sounds of blood pressure

A

First sound is the systolic- the ventricular contraction

The fifth sound is diastolic the onset of silence- ventricular relaxation

27
Q

Which cuff can you not use during exercise?

A

You cannot use the automatic oscillometric

You can use the manual measurement during exercise

28
Q

Brachial blood pressure

A

reflect the central blood pressure

It may underestimate systolic and overestimate diastolic

It doesn’t reflect the response to load

29
Q

Orthostatic intolerance

A

Hypertension associated with a change of position, typically moving from supine to standing

Blood pressure should normalize within one minute

This is because of depletion of blood volume , impairment of the baro reflex mediated vasoconstruction, post operative, bed rest, pots

30
Q

Heart rate normal response to change in position

A

Increase of 5 to 10 bpm

31
Q

Heart rate Abnormal response to change of position

A

Increase of greater than or equal to 30 bpm

32
Q

Systolic blood pressure, normal response to change in position

A

Decrease of 10MmHg max

33
Q

Systolic blood pressure abnormal response to change a position

A

Decrease of greater or equal to 20MmHg with associated onset of symptoms

34
Q

Diastolic blood pressure normal response to changes in position

A

No change

35
Q

Diastolic blood pressure abnormal response to change in position

A

Decrease of greater than or equal to 10 mmHg with associated onset of symptoms

36
Q

Hypotension without a compensatory increase in heart rate suggest

A

Autonomic impairment

37
Q

Marked increase to greater than 100 bpm or by greater than 30 bpm suggest

A

Hypovolemia and if symptoms develop without hypotension, it’s POTS

38
Q

A blood pressure drop immediately after standing that resolves at three minutes indicates what.

A

It does not indicate orthostatic hypotension

39
Q

Orthostatic testing

A

Have patient lying in bed, but they had flat for a minimum of three minutes and preferably five minutes

Measure the blood pressure and pulse why the patient is supine

Instructed patient to sit for one minute
Ask patient about dizziness, weakness visual changes
Check pulse and blood pressure
If the patient has symptoms associated with position, change or sitting, blood pressure is greater than 90/60 with symptoms Put patient back to bed.

Instruct patient to stand
Ask about dizziness, weakness visual changes
If patient is unable to stand, set, patient upright with legs dangling over the edge
Patient should be permitted to resume supine position immediately, if near syncope
Measure blood pressure and pulse immediately after patient has stood up, then repeat measurements. Three minutes after patient stands.

40
Q

Normal response to aerobic exercise

A

Withdrawal of baroreceptor, mediated control, increase SA node firing rate

41
Q

Blood pressure response to aerobic exercise normal

A

Systolic- 10MmHg increase per change in workload
Diastolic- minimal, increase none or slight decrease

42
Q

Normal heart rate response to aerobic exercise

A

10 bpm increase per change in workload

43
Q

Heart rate in systolic blood pressure may be different and older patients for aerobic exercise

A

Trends should still be progressive without significant change in diastolic blood pressure
Maximum heart rate declines with age at a rate of .7 bpm every year

44
Q

resistance training

A

Elicits a more pronounced BP response
Diastolic should not increase more than 20 mmHg

Immense change, in BP is due to
Sympathetic, vasoconstruction, and non-exercising vascular beds
Mechanical compression of the blood vessels in the exercising muscle beds

Changes in BP are oscillatory and related to the phase of the lift
BP Increases to max values are encountered during the concentric lifting phase
Pressure declines often to below resting values at the completion of the lift
Increases again during the eccentric phase lower than concentric

Restoration of baseline at rest is similar to that of endurance exercise

45
Q

Post exercise hypotension

A

Presence of a prolonged decrease in resting blood pressure in the minutes in hours, following a cute exercises

Dose dependent

Higher intensity exercises result in greater reductions in BP

People with higher baseline BP demonstrate greater PEH compared to people with normal BP

PT Examination Week 1 And 2 (8 decks)

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