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Health & Wellness 1 > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Absence of oxygen in tissues

A

Anoxia

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2
Q

The pulse that is found when a stethoscope is placed on
the chest wall over the apex of the heart; also may be found by
palpation

A

Apical Pulse

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3
Q

The absence of breathing

A

Apnea

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4
Q

Variation from the normal rhythm

A

Arrythmia

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5
Q

Listening for sounds produced within the body by using stethoscope

A

Auscultation

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6
Q

A slow heartbeat

A

Bradycardia

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7
Q

The amount of blood that is pumped from the
heart during each contraction

A

Cardiac Output

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8
Q

Profuse perspiration

A

Diaphoresis

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9
Q

The period when the least amount of pressure is exerted
on the walls or the arteries during the heartbeat

A

Diastole

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10
Q

Labored or difficult breathing

A

Dyspnea

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11
Q

Sounds heard during auscultatory
determination of blood pressure

A

Korotkoff’s Sounds

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12
Q

Factors affecting VS

A

Lifestyle Pattern
Patient Characteristics
Pain
Time of Day
General Health Status

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13
Q

Represents a balance between heat produced and lost.

A

Body Temperature

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14
Q

Average temperature

A

Celsius: 37 +- 1
Fahrenheit: 98.6 +- 1.8

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15
Q

Avg temperature oral temperature

A

36-37.3 degrees C

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16
Q

Avg temperature rectal temperature

A

36.6-38.1 degrees C (0.3-0.5 deg higher)

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17
Q

Avg temperature axillary temperature

A

36.5 degrees C (0.6 deg lower)

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18
Q

Abnormal elevation of body temperature

A

Pyrexia

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19
Q

Exceptionally high fever

A

Hyperpyrexia

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20
Q

Temperature for Pyrexia

A

38 degrees C and higher

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21
Q

Temperature for Hyperpyrexia

A

41.1 degrees C or higher

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22
Q

Normal temperature for a newborn

A

Celsius: 37-37.7 deg C
Fahrenheit: 98.6-99.8 deg F

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23
Q

Normal temperature for a 3-year-old

A

Celsius: 36.9-37.5 deg C
Fahrenheit: 98.5-99.5 deg F

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24
Q

Normal temperature for a 10-year old

A

Celsius: 36.3-37 deg C
Fahrenheit: 97.5-98.6 deg F

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25
Q

Normal temperature for a 16-year-old

A

Celsius: 36.4-37.1 deg C
Fahrenheit: 97.6-98.8 deg F

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26
Q

Normal temperature for an adult

A

Celsius: 36-37.5 deg C
Fahrenheit: 96.8-99.5 deg F

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27
Q

Normal temperature for an older adult

A

Celsius: 35.9-36.3 deg C
Fahrenheit: 96.5-97.5 deg F

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28
Q

Types of thermometers

A

Chemical thermometer
Ear canal thermometer
Temporal scanner

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29
Q

Toxic bacteria leading to fever

A

Pyrogens

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30
Q

Factors affecting body temperature

A

Time of the day
Age
Enivronmental Temp.
Infection
Physical Activity
Emotional Status
Menstrual Cycle
Oral Cavity Temp

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31
Q

Temperature site rankings (highest to lowest)

A

Rectal > Oral > Axilla

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32
Q

4 Stages of Fever

A

Prodromal phase
Invasion/Onset
Stationary
Defervescence

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33
Q

Stage prior to temperature elevation

A

Prodromal phase

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34
Q

Stage of gradual or sudden rise until max temperature is reached

A

Invasion/Onset

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35
Q

Point of highest elevation reached and sustained

A

Stationary (fastigium/stadium course)

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36
Q

Sudden drop in temeperature

A

Crisis

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37
Q

Gradual drop in temperature

A

Lysis

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38
Q

Common types of fever

A

Continuous
Intermittent
Relapsing
Remittent

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39
Q

Body temperature is constantly elevated throughout the day but does not fluctuate more than 1 deg C (1.8 deg F)

A

Continuous/Constant/Sustained

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40
Q

Body temperature alternates between periods of fever for some hours of the day

A

Intermittent

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41
Q

Periods of fever alternate with normal temperatures

A

Relapsing/Recurrent/Periodic

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42
Q

Elevated body temperature throughout the day that fluctuates more than 2 deg C (3.6 deg F)

A

Remittent

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43
Q

Continuous/Sustained/Constant fever is commonly seen in

A

UTI
Uncomplicated minor infections
Lobar Pneumonia
Typhus

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44
Q

Intermittent fever is commonly seen in

A

Malaria
Septicemia

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45
Q

Relapsing/Recurrent/Periodic fever is commonly seen in

A

RA
Crohn’s disease
Neoplastic fever

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46
Q

Remittent fever is commonly seen in

A

Endocarditis
Typhoid infection

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47
Q

Result of exposure to extreme cold temperature

A

Hypothermia

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48
Q

Impaired function of the thermoregulatory center

A

34.4 deg C or lower

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49
Q

No function of the thermoregulatory center

A

29.4 deg C or lower

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50
Q

Symptoms of Hypothermia

A

Decreased pulse
Decreased RR
Cold and Pale skin
Cyanosis
Decreased cutaneous sensation

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51
Q

The smaller circle, used for low pitch sounds

A

Bell

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52
Q

The bigger circle used for high pitch sounds

A

Diaphragm

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53
Q

5 auscultation points of the Heart

A

Aortic
Pulmonic
Erb’s point
Tricuspid
Mitral/PMI

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54
Q

Aortic auscultation

A

2nd R ICS

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55
Q

Aortic palpation

A

3rd L ICS

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56
Q

Pulmonic auscultation

A

2nd L ICS

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57
Q

Pulmonic Palpation

A

3rd L CC

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58
Q

Mitral auscultation

A

5th L ICS

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59
Q

Mitral palpation

A

4th L CC

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60
Q

Tricuspid auscultation

A

4th L ICS

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61
Q

Tricuspid palpation

A

4th R ICS

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62
Q

“Lub” sound

A

S1

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63
Q

Closure of AV valves

A

During S1

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64
Q

“Dub”

A

S2

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65
Q

Closure of SL valves

A

During S2

66
Q

Occurs soon after S2

A

S3

67
Q

Occurs just before S1

A

S4

68
Q

Abnormally slow HR

A

Bradycardia

69
Q

PR for Bradycardia

A

< 60 bpm

70
Q

Abnormally fast HR

A

Tachycardia

71
Q

PR for Tachycardia

A

> 100 bpm

72
Q

Sensation of rapid or irregular pulse

A

Palpitation

73
Q

Indirect measure of contraction of the left ventricle

A

Pulse

74
Q

Auscultated at the apex of the heart (3.5 in left of sternum, 5th ICS)

A

Apical pulse

75
Q

Irregular rhythm is associated with

A

Conduction abnormalities

76
Q

Factors affecting pulse

A

Age
Gender
Environmental Temp
Stress
Exercise
Medications

77
Q

Pulse sites

A

Temporal
Carotid
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Pedal

78
Q

Indication for temporal

A

Used in infants if radial pulse is inaccessible

79
Q

Indication for carotid

A

Monitor cranial circulation, shock, or cardiac arrest

80
Q

Indication for Brachial

A

Monitor BP

81
Q

Indication for Radial

A

Most common site

82
Q

Indication for Femoral

A

Monitor LE circulation

83
Q

Indication for Popliteal

A

LE circulation

84
Q

Indication for Pedal

A

Monitor circulation to feet; weak or absent indicates arterial disease

85
Q

Pulse Grading for pulse

A

0
1+
2+
3+
4+

86
Q

No perceptible pulse even w/ max. pressure

A

0 (absent)

87
Q

Barely perceptible; easily obliterated w/ slight pressure; fades in and out

A

1+ (thready)

88
Q

Difficult to palpate; slightly stronger than thready; can be obliterated with light pressure

A

2+ (weak)

89
Q

Easy to palpate; requires moderate pressure to obliterate

A

3+ (normal)

90
Q

Very strong; hyperactive; not obliterated w/ moderate pressure

A

4+ (bounding)

91
Q

Movement of air in and out of the lungs

A

Respiration

92
Q

Function of respiration

A

Provide body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

93
Q

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood

A

External respiration

94
Q

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood and body tissues

A

Internal respiration

95
Q

brings atmospheric oxygen for gas exchange in the alveoli of the lungs

A

Respiratory system

96
Q

Factors affecting respiration

A

Age
Body size and stature
Exercise
Body position
Environment
Stress

97
Q

Parameters of Respiration

A

Rate
Depth
Rhythm
Sound

98
Q

Number of breaths per minute

A

Rate

99
Q

Normal rate of respiration

A

12-20 CPM

100
Q

Volume of air exchanged ( deep or shallow )

A

Depth

101
Q

Normal depth of respiration

A

500 mL (Tidal Volume)

102
Q

Regularity of inspiration and expiration
Regular or irregular

A

Rhythm

103
Q

Deviations from normal quiet breathing

A

Sound

104
Q

Vesicular breath sounds

A

Normal respiratory sounds

105
Q

Adventitious breath sounds

A

Abnormal respiratory sound

106
Q

Whistling sound due to narrowed airways

A

Wheezing

107
Q

Harsh, high-pitched crowing sound due to upper airway obstruction

A

Stridor

108
Q

Rattling or bubbling sound due to secretions

A

Crackles

109
Q

Indicative of emotional stress

A

Sigh

110
Q

Snoring sound due to obstruction

A

Stertor

111
Q

Patterns of Respiration

A

Eupnea
Bradypnea
Tachypnea
Kussmaul’s Respirations
Biot’s Respirations
Cheyne-Strokes Respirations
Apnea

112
Q

Normal respirations w/ equal rate and depth, 12-20 breaths/min

A

Eupnea

113
Q

Slow respirations, < 10 breaths/min

A

Bradypnea

114
Q

Fast respirations, > 24 breaths/min, usually shallow

A

Tachypnea

115
Q

Respirations that are regular but abnormaly deep and increased in rate

A

Kussmaul’s Respirations

116
Q

Irregular respirations of variable depth (usually shallow), alternating periods of apnea

A

Biot’s Respirations

117
Q

Gradual increase in depth of respirations, followed by a gradual decrease, and then a period of apnea

A

Cheyne-Stokes Respirations

118
Q

Absence of breathing

A

Apnea

119
Q

Provides a measure of arterial blood oxygen with each pulse
wave

A

Pulse Oximetry

120
Q

PaO2

A

Partial Pressure Oxygen

121
Q

Transports about 3 % of oxygen in the
blood and is measured as PaO2

A

Dissolved Plasma

122
Q

Transports about 97% and is measured as SaO2

A

Arterial Hemoglobin Saturation

123
Q

Normal PaO2 levels

A

96-100%

124
Q

Needs supplemental oxygen

A

Hypoxemia

125
Q

Normal PaCO2 levels

A

40 mmHg`

126
Q

Force blood exerts against vessel wall

A

Blood Pressure

127
Q

Top number, highest pressure

A

Systolic Pressure

128
Q

Bottom number, lowest pressure

A

Diastolic pressure

129
Q

difference between systolic and diastolic
pressure

A

Pulse pressure

130
Q

Blood pressure rankings (highest to lowest)

A

Arteries > Capillaries > Veins

131
Q

Factors affecting BP

A

Age
Activity
Site of Measurement
Medication
Arterial Size
Arm positions
Muscle contraction
BV and Cardiac output

132
Q

BP taken on the left side is higher than the right side

A

True

133
Q

BP take on the lower extremity is higher than the upper extremity.

A

True

134
Q

Normal values for BP

A

<120/<80

135
Q

Elevated values of BP

A

120-129/<80

136
Q

Value for stage 1 hypertension

A

130-139/80-89

137
Q

Value for stage 2 hypertension

A

> 140/>90

138
Q

Risk factors for BP

A

High sodium intake
Obesity
Race
Sedentary lifestyle
Alcohol
Pregnancy
Heredity

139
Q

Systolic pressure = first clear tapping of sound

A

Phase I

140
Q

Murmur or swishing

A

Phase II

141
Q

Intense or louder sound

A

Phase III

142
Q

Diastolic pressure = abrupt muffling

A

Phase IV

143
Q

Disappears totally (2nd diastolic)

A

Phase V

144
Q

How many minutes before BP assessment should postural changes be avoided?

A

3 minutes

145
Q

How many minutes before BP assessment should vigorous activity be avoided?

A

30 minutes

146
Q

Cramping, dull, aching pain

A

Muscles

147
Q

Sharp, shooting pain

A

Nerve root

148
Q

Sharp, bright, lightning-like pain

A

Nerve

149
Q

Burning, pressure-like, stinging pain

A

Sympathetic nerve

150
Q

Deep, nagging, dull pain

A

Bone

151
Q

Sharp, severe, intolerable pain

A

Fracture

152
Q

Throbbing, diffuse pain

A

Vasculature

153
Q

Pitting Edema scale

A

1+
2+
3+
4+

154
Q

Barely perceptible depression (pit)

A

1+

155
Q

Easily Identified Depression (EID); skin rebounds within 15 secs

A

2+

156
Q

EID; skin rebounds within 15-30 secs

A

3+

157
Q

EID; skin rebounds > 30 secs

A

4+

158
Q

Pulse rate of a new born

A

120-160 bpm

159
Q

Pulse rate of a new born

A

120-160 bpm

160
Q

Respiratory rate of a newborn

A

30-80 breaths/min

161
Q

Pulse rate for a 3-year old

A

80-125 bpm

162
Q

Respiratory rate of a 3-heard old

A

20-30 breathe/min

Health & Wellness 1 (6 decks)

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