Vital Signs Flashcards
1
Q
Absence of oxygen in tissues
A
Anoxia
2
Q
The pulse that is found when a stethoscope is placed on
the chest wall over the apex of the heart; also may be found by
palpation
A
Apical Pulse
3
Q
The absence of breathing
A
Apnea
4
Q
Variation from the normal rhythm
A
Arrythmia
5
Q
Listening for sounds produced within the body by using stethoscope
A
Auscultation
6
Q
A slow heartbeat
A
Bradycardia
7
Q
The amount of blood that is pumped from the
heart during each contraction
A
Cardiac Output
8
Q
Profuse perspiration
A
Diaphoresis
9
Q
The period when the least amount of pressure is exerted
on the walls or the arteries during the heartbeat
A
Diastole
10
Q
Labored or difficult breathing
A
Dyspnea
11
Q
Sounds heard during auscultatory
determination of blood pressure
A
Korotkoff’s Sounds
12
Q
Factors affecting VS
A
Lifestyle Pattern
Patient Characteristics
Pain
Time of Day
General Health Status
13
Q
Represents a balance between heat produced and lost.
A
Body Temperature
14
Q
Average temperature
A
Celsius: 37 +- 1
Fahrenheit: 98.6 +- 1.8
15
Q
Avg temperature oral temperature
A
36-37.3 degrees C
16
Q
Avg temperature rectal temperature
A
36.6-38.1 degrees C (0.3-0.5 deg higher)
17
Q
Avg temperature axillary temperature
A
36.5 degrees C (0.6 deg lower)
18
Q
Abnormal elevation of body temperature
A
Pyrexia
19
Q
Exceptionally high fever
A
Hyperpyrexia
20
Q
Temperature for Pyrexia
A
38 degrees C and higher
21
Q
Temperature for Hyperpyrexia
A
41.1 degrees C or higher
22
Q
Normal temperature for a newborn
A
Celsius: 37-37.7 deg C
Fahrenheit: 98.6-99.8 deg F
23
Q
Normal temperature for a 3-year-old
A
Celsius: 36.9-37.5 deg C
Fahrenheit: 98.5-99.5 deg F
24
Q
Normal temperature for a 10-year old
A
Celsius: 36.3-37 deg C
Fahrenheit: 97.5-98.6 deg F
25
Normal temperature for a 16-year-old
Celsius: 36.4-37.1 deg C
Fahrenheit: 97.6-98.8 deg F
26
Normal temperature for an adult
Celsius: 36-37.5 deg C
Fahrenheit: 96.8-99.5 deg F
27
Normal temperature for an older adult
Celsius: 35.9-36.3 deg C
Fahrenheit: 96.5-97.5 deg F
28
Types of thermometers
Chemical thermometer
Ear canal thermometer
Temporal scanner
29
Toxic bacteria leading to fever
Pyrogens
30
Factors affecting body temperature
Time of the day
Age
Enivronmental Temp.
Infection
Physical Activity
Emotional Status
Menstrual Cycle
Oral Cavity Temp
31
Temperature site rankings (highest to lowest)
Rectal > Oral > Axilla
32
4 Stages of Fever
Prodromal phase
Invasion/Onset
Stationary
Defervescence
33
Stage prior to temperature elevation
Prodromal phase
34
Stage of gradual or sudden rise until max temperature is reached
Invasion/Onset
35
Point of highest elevation reached and sustained
Stationary (fastigium/stadium course)
36
Sudden drop in temeperature
Crisis
37
Gradual drop in temperature
Lysis
38
Common types of fever
Continuous
Intermittent
Relapsing
Remittent
39
Body temperature is constantly elevated throughout the day but does not fluctuate more than 1 deg C (1.8 deg F)
Continuous/Constant/Sustained
40
Body temperature alternates between periods of fever for some hours of the day
Intermittent
41
Periods of fever alternate with normal temperatures
Relapsing/Recurrent/Periodic
42
Elevated body temperature throughout the day that fluctuates more than 2 deg C (3.6 deg F)
Remittent
43
Continuous/Sustained/Constant fever is commonly seen in
UTI
Uncomplicated minor infections
Lobar Pneumonia
Typhus
44
Intermittent fever is commonly seen in
Malaria
Septicemia
45
Relapsing/Recurrent/Periodic fever is commonly seen in
RA
Crohn's disease
Neoplastic fever
46
Remittent fever is commonly seen in
Endocarditis
Typhoid infection
47
Result of exposure to extreme cold temperature
Hypothermia
48
Impaired function of the thermoregulatory center
34.4 deg C or lower
49
No function of the thermoregulatory center
29.4 deg C or lower
50
Symptoms of Hypothermia
Decreased pulse
Decreased RR
Cold and Pale skin
Cyanosis
Decreased cutaneous sensation
51
The smaller circle, used for low pitch sounds
Bell
52
The bigger circle used for high pitch sounds
Diaphragm
53
5 auscultation points of the Heart
Aortic
Pulmonic
Erb's point
Tricuspid
Mitral/PMI
54
Aortic auscultation
2nd R ICS
55
Aortic palpation
3rd L ICS
56
Pulmonic auscultation
2nd L ICS
57
Pulmonic Palpation
3rd L CC
58
Mitral auscultation
5th L ICS
59
Mitral palpation
4th L CC
60
Tricuspid auscultation
4th L ICS
61
Tricuspid palpation
4th R ICS
62
"Lub" sound
S1
63
Closure of AV valves
During S1
64
"Dub"
S2
65
Closure of SL valves
During S2
66
Occurs soon after S2
S3
67
Occurs just before S1
S4
68
Abnormally slow HR
Bradycardia
69
PR for Bradycardia
< 60 bpm
70
Abnormally fast HR
Tachycardia
71
PR for Tachycardia
> 100 bpm
72
Sensation of rapid or irregular pulse
Palpitation
73
Indirect measure of contraction of the left ventricle
Pulse
74
Auscultated at the apex of the heart (3.5 in left of sternum, 5th ICS)
Apical pulse
75
Irregular rhythm is associated with
Conduction abnormalities
76
Factors affecting pulse
Age
Gender
Environmental Temp
Stress
Exercise
Medications
77
Pulse sites
Temporal
Carotid
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Pedal
78
Indication for temporal
Used in infants if radial pulse is inaccessible
79
Indication for carotid
Monitor cranial circulation, shock, or cardiac arrest
80
Indication for Brachial
Monitor BP
81
Indication for Radial
Most common site
82
Indication for Femoral
Monitor LE circulation
83
Indication for Popliteal
LE circulation
84
Indication for Pedal
Monitor circulation to feet; weak or absent indicates arterial disease
85
Pulse Grading for pulse
0
1+
2+
3+
4+
86
No perceptible pulse even w/ max. pressure
0 (absent)
87
Barely perceptible; easily obliterated w/ slight pressure; fades in and out
1+ (thready)
88
Difficult to palpate; slightly stronger than thready; can be obliterated with light pressure
2+ (weak)
89
Easy to palpate; requires moderate pressure to obliterate
3+ (normal)
90
Very strong; hyperactive; not obliterated w/ moderate pressure
4+ (bounding)
91
Movement of air in and out of the lungs
Respiration
92
Function of respiration
Provide body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
93
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood
External respiration
94
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood and body tissues
Internal respiration
95
brings atmospheric oxygen for gas exchange in the alveoli of the lungs
Respiratory system
96
Factors affecting respiration
Age
Body size and stature
Exercise
Body position
Environment
Stress
97
Parameters of Respiration
Rate
Depth
Rhythm
Sound
98
Number of breaths per minute
Rate
99
Normal rate of respiration
12-20 CPM
100
Volume of air exchanged ( deep or shallow )
Depth
101
Normal depth of respiration
500 mL (Tidal Volume)
102
Regularity of inspiration and expiration
Regular or irregular
Rhythm
103
Deviations from normal quiet breathing
Sound
104
Vesicular breath sounds
Normal respiratory sounds
105
Adventitious breath sounds
Abnormal respiratory sound
106
Whistling sound due to narrowed airways
Wheezing
107
Harsh, high-pitched crowing sound due to upper airway obstruction
Stridor
108
Rattling or bubbling sound due to secretions
Crackles
109
Indicative of emotional stress
Sigh
110
Snoring sound due to obstruction
Stertor
111
Patterns of Respiration
Eupnea
Bradypnea
Tachypnea
Kussmaul's Respirations
Biot's Respirations
Cheyne-Strokes Respirations
Apnea
112
Normal respirations w/ equal rate and depth, 12-20 breaths/min
Eupnea
113
Slow respirations, < 10 breaths/min
Bradypnea
114
Fast respirations, > 24 breaths/min, usually shallow
Tachypnea
115
Respirations that are regular but abnormaly deep and increased in rate
Kussmaul's Respirations
116
Irregular respirations of variable depth (usually shallow), alternating periods of apnea
Biot's Respirations
117
Gradual increase in depth of respirations, followed by a gradual decrease, and then a period of apnea
Cheyne-Stokes Respirations
118
Absence of breathing
Apnea
119
Provides a measure of arterial blood oxygen with each pulse
wave
Pulse Oximetry
120
PaO2
Partial Pressure Oxygen
121
Transports about 3 % of oxygen in the
blood and is measured as PaO2
Dissolved Plasma
122
Transports about 97% and is measured as SaO2
Arterial Hemoglobin Saturation
123
Normal PaO2 levels
96-100%
124
Needs supplemental oxygen
Hypoxemia
125
Normal PaCO2 levels
40 mmHg`
126
Force blood exerts against vessel wall
Blood Pressure
127
Top number, highest pressure
Systolic Pressure
128
Bottom number, lowest pressure
Diastolic pressure
129
difference between systolic and diastolic
pressure
Pulse pressure
130
Blood pressure rankings (highest to lowest)
Arteries > Capillaries > Veins
131
Factors affecting BP
Age
Activity
Site of Measurement
Medication
Arterial Size
Arm positions
Muscle contraction
BV and Cardiac output
132
BP taken on the left side is higher than the right side
True
133
BP take on the lower extremity is higher than the upper extremity.
True
134
Normal values for BP
<120/<80
135
Elevated values of BP
120-129/<80
136
Value for stage 1 hypertension
130-139/80-89
137
Value for stage 2 hypertension
>140/>90
138
Risk factors for BP
High sodium intake
Obesity
Race
Sedentary lifestyle
Alcohol
Pregnancy
Heredity
139
Systolic pressure = first clear tapping of sound
Phase I
140
Murmur or swishing
Phase II
141
Intense or louder sound
Phase III
142
Diastolic pressure = abrupt muffling
Phase IV
143
Disappears totally (2nd diastolic)
Phase V
144
How many minutes before BP assessment should postural changes be avoided?
3 minutes
145
How many minutes before BP assessment should vigorous activity be avoided?
30 minutes
146
Cramping, dull, aching pain
Muscles
147
Sharp, shooting pain
Nerve root
148
Sharp, bright, lightning-like pain
Nerve
149
Burning, pressure-like, stinging pain
Sympathetic nerve
150
Deep, nagging, dull pain
Bone
151
Sharp, severe, intolerable pain
Fracture
152
Throbbing, diffuse pain
Vasculature
153
Pitting Edema scale
1+
2+
3+
4+
154
Barely perceptible depression (pit)
1+
155
Easily Identified Depression (EID); skin rebounds within 15 secs
2+
156
EID; skin rebounds within 15-30 secs
3+
157
EID; skin rebounds > 30 secs
4+
158
Pulse rate of a new born
120-160 bpm
159
Pulse rate of a new born
120-160 bpm
160
Respiratory rate of a newborn
30-80 breaths/min
161
Pulse rate for a 3-year old
80-125 bpm
162
Respiratory rate of a 3-heard old
20-30 breathe/min
