Infection Control Flashcards by Josef Mikael Oclarit

5 Element of Infection Cycle

Reservoir
Exit
Transmission
Infection
Susception

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Place where infection grow and reproduce

Reservoir

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Portals or points where infection leaves the host

Exit

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Modes on how infections can be spread

Transmission

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Refers to hosts that cannot repel or destroy microorganisms that have entered in their system

Susception

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Practices that help reduce the number and spread of microorganisms

Medical Asepsis

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Practices that render and keep objects and areas free of all microorgranisms

Surgical Asepsis

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Goal of Medical Asepsis

Prevent spread of infection to others

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Goal of Surgical Asepsis

Prevent spread of infection to the patient

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Purpose of barriers in Medical Asepsis

Reduce the number of microorganisms

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Purpose of barriers in Medical Asepsis

Reduce the number of microorganisms after they leave the host and prevent spread to others

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Purpose of barriers in Surgical Asepsis

Prevent all microorganisms from reaching the patient or from contaminating a sterile field or wound

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Reservoir of Medical Asepsis

Patient

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Reservoir of Surgical Asepsis

Other people and environment

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Designed to protect health care workers and patients regardless of their diagnosis or infection status

Standard precautions

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Designed to protect the caregiver from specialized patients with highly transmissible pathogens.

Transmission-based precaution

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Best means to control infection

Standard precautions

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Precaution for gloves

Touching blood, secretions, and excretions except sweat

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Precautions for protective clothing

Px care activities and procedures when contact of body fluids is anticipated

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Precaution of mask, goggles, or face shield

Procedures that likely generate splashes of body fluids

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Precautions of mouthpiece

Prevent contact with oral secretions

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Hand hygiene

Before procedure and after glove removal or touching body fluids

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Precaution for sharp materials

Do not bend, break, recap, nor hand-manipulate

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Precaution of soiled equipment

Handle in a manner that prevents transfer of microorganisms to others and to the environment

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Modes of transmission

Contact Droplet Airborne

Precaution for contact transmission

Standard precautions when px is in isloation Private rooms with more than 3 feet distance in between beds

Precaution for droplet transmission

Wear mask when working in close contact with patients and place a surgical mask on the px

Precaution for airborne transmission

An N-95 respirator or higher-level mask must be worn and place surgical mask on the px if possible.

Contact transmission diseases

Shigella Hepa A Herpes Zoster Chicken Pox Scabies

Droplet transmission diseases

Influenza A/B Mumps Rubella MRSA

Airborne transmission diseases

Chicken pox Measles TB SARS Avian Influenza

Handwash sequence

Wet hands Apply soap Rub palm to palm Interlock In between fingers (dorsum) Clubbing Clean thumbs Fingertips to palm Wrist cuffs Rinse Dry with towel

Hand Rubbing

Using an alcohol-based waterless antiseptic technique 60-95 percent alcohol 1-3 percent skin conditioner

Hand Washing

Using water and liquid soap Knee or foot-operated controls or automatic dispensers

A form of surgical asepsis

Sterile field

4 Rules of Asepsis

Know which items are sterile Know which items are not sterile Separate sterile items from non-sterile items If a sterile item becomes contaminated, remedy the situation early

Donning sequence

Hand Hygiene Shoe Covers Gown Mask Eye Protection Gloves

Doffing sequence

Remove Shoe Cover Remove Gowns and Gloves together Hand Hygiene Remove eye protection Remove mask Hand Hygiene

Reduces the possiblity of glove contamination when gloves are being applied

Closed-Glove technique

Has greater potential for glove contamination than the closed-glove technique

Open-Glove Technique

Objective state of ill health which may be verified by accepted canons of proof

Disease

Subjective experience of loss health

Illness

Umbrella term used to refer to the experience of disease plus illness

Ill-health

Conditions in which microorganisms thrive in

Warm temperature Moisture Darkness

Microorganisms which live in an environment without oxygen

Anaerobic

Microorganisms which needs oxygen to live

Aerobic

Microorganisms that don't cause disease

Nonpathogenic

Microorganisms which is disease producing

Pathogenic

Can be treated with antibiotics

Bacteria

Smaller than bacteria and cannot be treated with antibiotics

Viruses

Larger than virus and grows within the host cell

Protozoa

Low form of plant life, includes mold & yeast

Fungi

Microorganisms that produces poisons

Toxins

Transmitted directly from one person to another

Direct Contact

Transferred from one object to another

Indirect Contact

Carried in the air

Airborne

Enters body through water, food, and dirty hands

Oral route

Picked up on insects and pests and transferred

Insects and Pests

A type of symptom involving the entire body

Generalized

A type of symptom involving a single site

Localized

Keeping away disease producing microorganisms

Asepsis

Destroy the environment that allows pathogens to live, breed, and spread

Medical Asepsis

Methods used to make the environment and workers as germ free as possible

Aseptic technique

Infecting the patient with a new microorganism from another patient or HCW

Cross infection

Infection of the same microorganism that caused the original illness

Reinfection

Infection by the patient's own organisms

Self-inoculation

Infection control techniques

Sterilize Disinfect Autoclave

Make free from all living organisms

Sterilize

Process of freeing from microorganisms by physical or chemical means

Disinfect

Sterilizers which use steam under pressure to kill all organisms

Autoclave

Having limited to contact with others

Isolation

Preventing spread of disease from patient to others

Isolation

Guarding workers and visitors from dangerous

Protective Isolation

Guarding the patient from danger

Reverse Isolation

Protection from airborne droplets

Respiratory Isolation

Protection from open wounds, skin drainage

Skin and Wound Isolation

Solid body wastes

Enteric Isolation

Complete protection

Strict Isolation

CMV HIV Hepa B/C Aspergillosis

Standard precaution

Airborne precautions

Masks - Standard Gown - prevent contamination Glove - Standard HW - Yes

Droplet precautions

Masks - within 3 feet Gown - no Gloves - if in contact with fluids HW - Yes

Contact precautions

Masks - No Gowns - if there is soiling. Gloves - Yes, in touching infected material. HW - Yes