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ICS > Vital signs > Flashcards

Vital signs Flashcards

1
Q

Why take vital signs?

A

baseline info
assess medical status
screen for undiagnosed conditions
refer to physician

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2
Q

what are examples of vital signs? (6)

A

temperature
blood pressure
pulse rate
respiratory rate
height/weight
finger prick blood glucose

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3
Q

Where are locations that temperature can be checked? (6)

A

forehead rectal (most accurate)

oral (comft & easy)

tympanic (comf but less accurate)

axillary (takes 4 min & least accurate)

core (most accurate but invasive)

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4
Q

what is the normal body temp?

A

37 C or 98.6 F

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5
Q

mean daily temp can differ by ___C

A

0.5 C

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6
Q

what is the variation range of mean daily temp

A

0.25-0.5 C

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7
Q

normal rectal temp is usually ___ to ___ C greater than oral temp

A

0.27 to 0.38 C

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8
Q

axillary temp is about _____ more/less than oral temp

A

0/55 LESS

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9
Q

febrile

A

having or showing symptoms of a fever

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10
Q

when is a patient considered febrile?

A

when oral temp exceeds 37.5 C or 99.5 C

or rectal emp exceeds 38 C or 100.5 F

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11
Q

term applied to a febrile state when the temp exceeds 41.1 C or 106 F

A

hyperpyrexia

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12
Q

condition where a rectal temp is 35 C or 95 F

A

hypothermia

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13
Q

what is blood pressure

A

pressure exerted on the arterial walls that changes with heartbeat

during systole (contract) = higher bp

during diastole (at rest) = lower bp

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14
Q

what happens if blood in arteries thickens?

A

heart will have to pump harder during systole to push the blood through the arteries

ex. high salt diet bc it promotes water retention and extra fluid increases blood volume

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15
Q

what happens to bp when you’re stressed?

A

bp rises because epinephrine and other hormones are released which cause artery walls to thicken thus constricting blood flow

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16
Q

what is peripheral circulation

A

concerned with the transport of blood, blood flow distribution, exchange between blood and tissue, and storage of blood (venous system).

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17
Q

what does systolic pressure measure?

A

pressure in the arteries when the heart beats (left ventricle contracts)

represents the top number 120/80

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18
Q

what does diastolic pressure measure?

A

the pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes or in between heartbeats (when left ventricle relaxes and refills)

represents the bottom number 120/80

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19
Q

auscultatory method

A

based on the detection of Korotkoff sounds issued from the acoustic transudcer signal.

20
Q

oscillometric method

A

measuring bp with electronic device using a cuff around the upper arm

21
Q

korotkoff sounds

A

generated when a blood pressure cuff changes the flow of blood through the artery

22
Q

how many phases of korotkoff sounds are there?

A

5

23
Q

what does the first phase of korotkoff sounds indicate and how does it sound

A

sharp tapping

indicates the systolic pressure

24
Q

what does the second phase of korotkoff sounds indicate and how does it sound

A

swishing sounds as blood flows through the blood vessels as cuff is inflated

25
Q

what does the third phase of korotkoff sounds indicate and how does it sound

A

softer thumping than in phase 1

cuff is still inflated

26
Q

what does the fourth phase of korotkoff sounds indicate and how does it sound

A

softer blowing muffler sound that fades as cuff air is released

27
Q

what does the fifth phase of korotkoff sounds indicate and how does it sound

A

silence

28
Q

hypertension stage 1

A

systolic 130-139 OR diastolic 80-89

29
Q

hypertension stage 2

A

systolic 140 or higher OR diastolic 90 or higher

30
Q

hypertensice crisis

A

systolic higher than 180 and/or diastolic higher than 120

31
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

a form of low blood pressure when patient goes from lying down to sitting down or vice versa

bp falls by 20 or pulse increases by 20bpm

32
Q

what is a cause of orthostatic hypotension?

A

dehydration

certain medication may cause this

fever

prolonged bed rest

33
Q

what is pulse rate

A

peripheral measurement of heart rate, rhythm, and strength measured for 60sec at rest

34
Q

what is a normal pulse rate?

A

60-90 beats/min

35
Q

what is the avd adult pulse rate?

A

72 beats/min

36
Q

what is the normal pulse rate of infants

A

100+ bpm

37
Q

normal pulse rate for children

A

90-100bpm

38
Q

normal pulse rate for elderly

A

70-80 bpm

39
Q

what are some pulse points

A

radial

brachial

carotid

temporal

40
Q

what to document when checking pulse?

A

rate

rhythm

force

location of detection

41
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormal slowing of respiration

42
Q

tachypnea

A

abnormal increase of respiration

43
Q

apena

A

temporary cessation of respiration

44
Q

hyperpnea

A

increase depth of breathing, usually associated with metabolic acidosis

45
Q

what is the normal range of respiratory rate?

what is the avd adult rate?

A

12-20 cycles/min

avg adult = 14 cycles

46
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high blood sugar

requent urination

high levels of sugar in urine

increased thirst

47
Q

hypoglycemia

A

feeling weak

blurred/impaired vision

tingling or numbness in lips, tongue or cheeks

headaches

hunger

ICS (5 decks)

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