Citric Acid Cycle (TCA)

Question 1

Dehydrogenases

Answer 1

main enzymes that make NADH and FADH2

Question 2

How many reactions is the citric acid cycle?

Answer 2

8

Question 3

what does the TCA cycle start with?

Answer 3

acetyl coa

Question 4

What happens to acetyl coa during teh citric acid cycle?

Answer 4

it gets converted to CO2

Question 5

what hormones rise when you are hungry?

Answer 5

glucagon
epinephrine
cortisol

Question 6

Where does acetyl-coa come from?

Answer 6

from breaking down glucose, fructose, and galactose
proteins can help make it
can also come from stored fatty acids
also can come from alcohol in liver where it is metabolized

Question 7

pyruvate enters the ________

Answer 7

mitochondria

Question 8

do hormones play a role in the regulation of TCA?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

What are the products of one acetylcoa?

Answer 9

3 NADH
1 FADH
1 GTP

Question 10

How many molecules of ATP per acetyl coa?

Answer 10

12 ATP

Question 11

How many ATP does a glucose molecule make during the CITRIC ACID CYCLE

Answer 11

24

Question 12

does glycolysis occur in all cells?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

Why are some cells critically dependent on glycolysis?

Answer 13

because some cells do not have mitochondria and glycolysis is the only way that they can produce ATP

Question 14

What are some organs that lack mitochondria?

Answer 14

RBC
cornea
lens
regions of retina

Question 15

what are organs that have very FEW mitochondria?

Answer 15

leukocytes
white muscle fibers
testis
kidney medulla

Question 16

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

Answer 16

in the inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 17

what happens during oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 17

ATP is made by donating electrons to complexes in the membrane of the mitochondria

Question 18

What is the last electron acceptor in the ETC?

Answer 18

O2

Question 19

how many ATP does 1 FADH2 make in the ETC

Answer 19

2 ATP

Question 20

What happens to the ETC with changes in ATP and ADP?

Answer 20

ATP = lots of energy already so ETC slows down bc it does not need to create more

ADP = not a lot of energy so ETC speeds up to compensate and make more energy

Question 21

What are the main electron donors of oxydative phosphorylation?

Answer 21

NADH & FADH2

Question 22

How do cells that lack mitochondria or have very few go through glycolysis?

Answer 22

Glucose —> Pyruvate + 2 ATP
I
V
2 Lactate

Question 23

How many ATP net can be made from one glucose molecule?

Answer 23

38 ATP

Question 24

BESIDES playing a central role in oxidative metabolism, operation of the TCA Cycle also provides

Answer 24

precursors for biosynthetic pathways like
amino acid, heme & fatty acid synthesis
gluconeogenesis (malate)

Question 25

metabolic syndrome

Answer 25

a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes.